HTML5 Drag and Drop anywhere on the screen
I have a debugger log that I've written in JavaScript for a project I'm working on. The log is basically an <aside> tag in HTML5 that only shows when needed. I wanted to play around with the idea of being able to move the log around the screen, as it may overlap certain things (which is fine for my project). However, I can't seem to figure out how to use HTML5 to properly drag and drop the tag so that it can be placed anywhere on the screen (well, or within a <div> element).
After reading on HTML5's drag and drop support, I have a basic understanding of how it works, but I'm not sure where to start when it comes to allowing the div to be placed anywhere (it's z-index is a high value, so as I said, overlapping is fine).
Any suggestions?
Oh, and I'd like to try and avoid using external libraries for this project, wherever possible. I'm trying to do this in pure JavaScript/HTML5.
Drag and drop doesn't move elements around, if you want the element to move when you drop it then you have to set the new position of the element in the drop event. I've done an example which works in Firefox and Chrome, here are the key points:
function drag_start(event) {
var style = window.getComputedStyle(event.target, null);
event.dataTransfer.setData("text/plain",
(parseInt(style.getPropertyValue("left"),10) - event.clientX) + ',' + (parseInt(style.getPropertyValue("top"),10) - event.clientY));
}
The dragstart event works out the offset of the mouse pointer from the left and top of the element and passes it in the dataTransfer. I'm not worrying about passing the ID because there's only one draggable element on the page - no links or images - if you have any of that stuff on your page then you'll have to do a little more work here.
function drop(event) {
var offset = event.dataTransfer.getData("text/plain").split(',');
var dm = document.getElementById('dragme');
dm.style.left = (event.clientX + parseInt(offset[0],10)) + 'px';
dm.style.top = (event.clientY + parseInt(offset[1],10)) + 'px';
event.preventDefault();
return false;
}
The drop event unpacks the offsets and uses them to position the element relative to the mouse pointer.
The dragover event just needs to preventDefault when anything is dragged over. Again, if there is anything else draggable on the page you might need to do something more complex here:
function drag_over(event) {
event.preventDefault();
return false;
}
So bind it to the document.body along with the drop event to capture everything:
var dm = document.getElementById('dragme');
dm.addEventListener('dragstart',drag_start,false);
document.body.addEventListener('dragover',drag_over,false);
document.body.addEventListener('drop',drop,false);
If you want this to work in IE you'll need to convert the aside to an a element, and, of course, all the event binding code will be different. The drag and drop API doesn't work in Opera, or on any mobile browsers as far as I'm aware. Also, I know you said you don't want to use jQuery, but cross browser event binding and manipulating element positions are the sort of things that jQuery makes much easier.
Thanks for your answer. It works great in Chrome and Firefox. I tweaked it to work in IE.Below is the code.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="generator" content="CoffeeCup HTML Editor (www.coffeecup.com)">
<meta name="dcterms.created" content="Fri, 27 Jun 2014 21:02:23 GMT">
<meta name="description" content="">
<meta name="keywords" content="">
<title></title>
<!--[if IE]>
<script src="http://html5shim.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
<style>
li
{
position: absolute;
left: 0;
top: 0; /* set these so Chrome doesn't return 'auto' from getComputedStyle */
width: 200px;
background: rgba(255,255,255,0.66);
border: 2px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.5);
border-radius: 4px; padding: 8px;
}
</style>
<script>
function drag_start(event) {
var style = window.getComputedStyle(event.target, null);
var str = (parseInt(style.getPropertyValue("left")) - event.clientX) + ',' + (parseInt(style.getPropertyValue("top")) - event.clientY) + ',' + event.target.id;
event.dataTransfer.setData("Text", str);
}
function drop(event) {
var offset = event.dataTransfer.getData("Text").split(',');
var dm = document.getElementById(offset[2]);
dm.style.left = (event.clientX + parseInt(offset[0], 10)) + 'px';
dm.style.top = (event.clientY + parseInt(offset[1], 10)) + 'px';
event.preventDefault();
return false;
}
function drag_over(event) {
event.preventDefault();
return false;
}
</script>
</head>
<body ondragover="drag_over(event)" ondrop="drop(event)">
<ul>
<li id="txt1" draggable="true" ondragstart="drag_start(event)"> Drag this text </li><br>
<li id="txt2" draggable="true" ondragstart="drag_start(event)"> Drag me</li>
</ul>
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</body>
</html>