How can I select multiple columns from a subquery (in SQL Server) that should have one record (select top 1) for each record in the main query? [duplicate]

Here's generally how to select multiple columns from a subquery:

SELECT
     A.SalesOrderID,
     A.OrderDate,
     SQ.Max_Foo,
     SQ.Max_Foo2
FROM
     A
LEFT OUTER JOIN
     (
     SELECT
          B.SalesOrderID,
          MAX(B.Foo) AS Max_Foo,
          MAX(B.Foo2) AS Max_Foo2
     FROM
          B
     GROUP BY
          B.SalesOrderID
     ) AS SQ ON SQ.SalesOrderID = A.SalesOrderID

If what you're ultimately trying to do is get the values from the row with the highest value for Foo (rather than the max of Foo and the max of Foo2 - which is NOT the same thing) then the following will usually work better than a subquery:

SELECT
     A.SalesOrderID,
     A.OrderDate,
     B1.Foo,
     B1.Foo2
FROM
     A
LEFT OUTER JOIN B AS B1 ON
     B1.SalesOrderID = A.SalesOrderID
LEFT OUTER JOIN B AS B2 ON
     B2.SalesOrderID = A.SalesOrderID AND
     B2.Foo > B1.Foo
WHERE
     B2.SalesOrderID IS NULL

You're basically saying, give me the row from B where I can't find any other row from B with the same SalesOrderID and a greater Foo.

SELECT a.salesorderid, a.orderdate, s.orderdate, s.salesorderid
FROM A a
OUTER APPLY (SELECT top(1) *
             FROM B b WHERE a.salesorderid = b.salesorderid) as s
WHERE A.Date BETWEEN '2000-1-4' AND '2010-1-4'