In what year did term "program" first appear in the meaning of "series of coded instructions"?
Etymonline's citation of 1945 is based on an OED entry starting at 9. b.:
9. b. Now usually in form program. A series of coded instructions and definitions which when fed into a computer automatically directs its operation in performing a particular task. Also in extended use: something conceived of as encoding and determining a process, esp. genetically.
Cf. quots. 1942, 1945 at sense 9a, in which one can see the beginnings of this sense.
1947 Math. Tables & Other Aids Computation 2 358 An important limitation upon programming is that the machine must adhere to a prescribed linear course of operation. It cannot at any point choose between two subsequent programs on the basis of results already obtained.
9. b. points to examples in 9. a.:
9. a. A sequence of operations that a machine can be set to perform automatically.
1942 J. W. MAUCHLY Use High Speed Vacuum Tube Devices for Calculating (Moore School of Electr. Engin., Univ. Pennsylvania) in B. Randell Origins Digital Computers (1973) 330 Mechanical devices..see to it that the numerical result from an operation in one machine is properly transferred to some other machine, which is selected by a suitable program device;..this program device is capable of arranging a cycle of different transfers and operations in each cycle.
1945 J. P. ECKERT et al. Descr. ENIAC (PB 86242) (Moore School of Electr. Engin., Univ. of Pennsylvania) 1 The intended use of the eniac is to compute large families of solutions all based on the same program of operations.
I think it would be safe to cite John Presper Eckert's 1945 description.
Source: Oxford English Dictionary (login required)