Draw my attention (from something) to something

But can I say, e.g., "my research in social psychology has drawn my attention to the relevance of theoretical physics for behavioral sciences"?

Yes, you can. To draw [something to something/someone], in this context = to attract [something towards/in the direction of something/someone.]

OED

26. figurative. To attract by moral force, persuasion, inclination, etc.; to induce to come (to a place); to attract by sympathy (to a person); to convert to one's party or interest; to lead, entice, allure, turn (to, into, or from a course, condition, etc.).

b. The mind, desires, eyes, attention, etc.

c1230 Hali Meid. 33 For to drahen his luue toward hire. [in order to draw his love to her]

1849 E. E. Napier Excursions Southern Afr. II. 95 My attention being drawn to the spot, I saw an animal.

1884 L. J. Jennings in Croker Papers I. vi. 154 A great bereavement..drew his mind from public affairs.

NB This is a figurative use, and therefore is broader in its application.