If $n^c\in\mathbb N$ for every $n\in\mathbb N$, then $c$ is a non-negative integer?
Solution 1:
A variant of this question was asked on Mathoverflow here by Alon Amit. As Gerry Myerson answers, in particular, it's apparently sufficient to know that only $2^c$ and $3^c$ and $5^c$ are all integers. It's apparently unknown whether it's sufficient to know that $2^c$ and $3^c$ are integers.
He also mentions that the original question (using $n$ instead of $2,3,5$) was actually a 1971 Putnam problem and Chris Phan provides a link to the solution. (It's problem A6).
(Community wiki because I've done nothing.)