Is there a word for comparing theoretical predictions of a model against experimental results?

In addition to the widely used prove, at least two other words are in scientific and computational use: verification and validation.

prove = to show that something is true

Cambridge Dictionary

verification = the process of testing or finding out if something is true, real, accurate, etc

Cambridge Dictionary

validation = proof that something is correct

Cambridge Dictionary

A more refined distinction between the last words may be sought. For example, the two words are used in a substantial paper from Los Alamos National Laboratory. Here is a key figure from that paper::

https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/835920/

In this argument, verification is the process of ensuring that the computational model reflects accurately and in all circumstances the mathematics. Validation is the checking of the computed model outcomes against the experimental or observational reality.

In that way, it might be argued that successful verification and validation together prove the original model.