MPAndroid Chart not displaying any labels for xAxis , what is missing?

These two lines are causing the issue :

barChart.getXAxis().setAxisMinValue(10f);     
barChart.groupBars(10, groupSpace, barSpace);

you are setting the minimum value of x axis to 10, whereas the labels will begin with index 0, So internally IndexOut of bound exception keeps occurring So,

Change To:

barChart.getXAxis().setAxisMinValue(0f);     // Better remove setAxisMinValue(), as it deprecated
barChart.groupBars(0, groupSpace, barSpace);

If you still want to have 10 as the initial spacing, override IAxisValueFormatter (Not recommended)

barChart.getXAxis().setValueFormatter(new IndexAxisValueFormatter(formatter) {

 @Override
        public String getFormattedValue(float value) {
            int x = (int)value / 10
            if(x > = 0 && x < formatter.size())
               return formatter.get(x);
            else
               return "";
        }
});

As you have fixed group space, bar space and width. you will need to heavily customise for multiple dataset.

However I wouldn't go with your solution for such a dynamic graph,

I have re-written your solution to adapt to changing width. (This are the results)

Github Project Link

Apk Link

BarChart barChart;
ArrayList<IBarDataSet> dataSets = new ArrayList<>();
float defaultBarWidth = -1;
List<String> xAxisValues = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList("Jan", "Feb", "March", "April", "May", "June","July", "August", "September", "October", "November", "December"));


@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

    barChart = findViewById(R.id.barchart);
    setChart(3);
    RadioGroup radioGroup = findViewById(R.id.radio_group);
    radioGroup.setOnCheckedChangeListener(new RadioGroup.OnCheckedChangeListener() {
        @Override
        public void onCheckedChanged(RadioGroup radioGroup, int switchId) {

            switch (switchId) {
                case R.id.one_month:
                    setChart(1);
                    break;
                case R.id.three_month:
                    setChart(3);
                    break;
                case R.id.six_month:
                    setChart(6);
                    break;
                case R.id.tweleve_month:
                    setChart(12);
                    break;
            }
        }
    });
}


private void setChart(int size) {

    List<BarEntry> incomeEntries = getIncomeEntries(size);
    List<BarEntry> expenseEntries = getExpenseEntries(size);
    dataSets = new ArrayList<>();
    BarDataSet set1, set2;

    set1 = new BarDataSet(incomeEntries, "Income");
    set1.setColor(Color.rgb(65, 168, 121));
    set1.setValueTextColor(Color.rgb(55, 70, 73));
    set1.setValueTextSize(10f);

    set2 = new BarDataSet(expenseEntries, "Expense");
    set2.setColors(Color.rgb(241, 107, 72));
    set2.setValueTextColor(Color.rgb(55, 70, 73));
    set2.setValueTextSize(10f);

    dataSets.add(set1);
    dataSets.add(set2);

    BarData data = new BarData(dataSets);
    barChart.setData(data);
    barChart.getAxisLeft().setAxisMinimum(0);

    barChart.getDescription().setEnabled(false);
    barChart.getAxisRight().setAxisMinimum(0);
    barChart.setDrawBarShadow(false);
    barChart.setDrawValueAboveBar(true);
    barChart.setMaxVisibleValueCount(10);
    barChart.setPinchZoom(false);
    barChart.setDrawGridBackground(false);

    Legend l = barChart.getLegend();
    l.setWordWrapEnabled(true);
    l.setTextSize(14);
    l.setVerticalAlignment(Legend.LegendVerticalAlignment.TOP);
    l.setHorizontalAlignment(Legend.LegendHorizontalAlignment.CENTER);
    l.setOrientation(Legend.LegendOrientation.HORIZONTAL);
    l.setDrawInside(false);
    l.setForm(Legend.LegendForm.CIRCLE);

    XAxis xAxis = barChart.getXAxis();
    xAxis.setGranularity(1f);
    xAxis.setCenterAxisLabels(true);
    xAxis.setDrawGridLines(false);
    xAxis.setLabelRotationAngle(-45);
    xAxis.setPosition(XAxis.XAxisPosition.BOTTOM);
    xAxis.setAxisMaximum(getExpenseEntries(size).size());

    barChart.getXAxis().setValueFormatter(new IndexAxisValueFormatter(xAxisValues));

    YAxis leftAxis = barChart.getAxisLeft();
    leftAxis.removeAllLimitLines();
    leftAxis.setTypeface(Typeface.DEFAULT);
    leftAxis.setPosition(YAxis.YAxisLabelPosition.OUTSIDE_CHART);
    leftAxis.setTextColor(Color.BLACK);
    leftAxis.setDrawGridLines(false);
    barChart.getAxisRight().setEnabled(false);

    setBarWidth(data, size);
    barChart.invalidate();

}

private void setBarWidth(BarData barData, int size) {
    if (dataSets.size() > 1) {
        float barSpace = 0.02f;
        float groupSpace = 0.3f;
        defaultBarWidth = (1 - groupSpace) / dataSets.size() - barSpace;
        if (defaultBarWidth >= 0) {
            barData.setBarWidth(defaultBarWidth);
        } else {
            Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Default Barwdith " + defaultBarWidth, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
        int groupCount = getExpenseEntries(size).size();
        if (groupCount != -1) {
            barChart.getXAxis().setAxisMinimum(0);
            barChart.getXAxis().setAxisMaximum(0 + barChart.getBarData().getGroupWidth(groupSpace, barSpace) * groupCount);
            barChart.getXAxis().setCenterAxisLabels(true);
        } else {
            Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "no of bar groups is " + groupCount, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }

        barChart.groupBars(0, groupSpace, barSpace); // perform the "explicit" grouping
        barChart.invalidate();
    }
}

private List<BarEntry> getExpenseEntries(int size) {
    ArrayList<BarEntry> expenseEntries = new ArrayList<>();

    expenseEntries.add(new BarEntry(1,1710));
    expenseEntries.add(new BarEntry(2,2480));
    expenseEntries.add(new BarEntry(3,242));
    expenseEntries.add(new BarEntry(4,2409));
    expenseEntries.add(new BarEntry(5,8100));
    expenseEntries.add(new BarEntry(6,1200));
    expenseEntries.add(new BarEntry(7,6570));
    expenseEntries.add(new BarEntry(8,5455));
    expenseEntries.add(new BarEntry(9,15000));
    expenseEntries.add(new BarEntry(10,11340));
    expenseEntries.add(new BarEntry(11,9100));
    expenseEntries.add(new BarEntry(12,6300));
    return expenseEntries.subList(0, size);
}

private List<BarEntry> getIncomeEntries(int size) {
    ArrayList<BarEntry> incomeEntries = new ArrayList<>();

    incomeEntries.add(new BarEntry(1, 11300));
    incomeEntries.add(new BarEntry(2, 1390));
    incomeEntries.add(new BarEntry(3, 1190));
    incomeEntries.add(new BarEntry(4, 7200));
    incomeEntries.add(new BarEntry(5, 4790));
    incomeEntries.add(new BarEntry(6, 4500));
    incomeEntries.add(new BarEntry(7, 8000));
    incomeEntries.add(new BarEntry(8, 7034));
    incomeEntries.add(new BarEntry(9, 4307));
    incomeEntries.add(new BarEntry(10, 8762));
    incomeEntries.add(new BarEntry(11, 4355));
    incomeEntries.add(new BarEntry(12, 6000));
    return incomeEntries.subList(0, size);
}

Note that the setBarWidth() function is the most important and plays the role of adjusting the width and size of graph bar.

Replace below line

barChart.getXAxis().setValueFormatter(new IAxisValueFormatter(formatter));

instead of

barChart.getXAxis().setValueFormatter(new IndexAxisValueFormatter(formatter));

and check.