How to get elements of fragments created by ViewPager in MainActivity?

Unfortunately the only "safe" way to do it is to check the source code of FragmentPagerAdapter, and see what tag is the fragment is added with - because findFragmentByTag is the only safe way to get a Fragment from a FragmentManager.

Of course, we need to hope that this implementation detail doesn't change between support library versions, but it actually hasn't changed in years :)

Anyways, so FragmentPagerAdapter says:

    // Do we already have this fragment?
    String name = makeFragmentName(container.getId(), itemId);
    Fragment fragment = mFragmentManager.findFragmentByTag(name);

So what is name?

private static String makeFragmentName(int viewId, long id) {
    return "android:switcher:" + viewId + ":" + id;
}

What is viewId and what is id?

ViewId is container.getId(), where container is the ViewPager itself.

id is: final long itemId = getItemId(position); which by default is return position;.

So you can find the Fragment as follows:

Fragment fragment = fragmentManager.findFragmentByTag("android:switcher:" + viewPager.getId() + ":" + fragmentPosition);
// if fragment is null, it was not created yet by ViewPager

NOTE:

It is worth noting that you should NOT rely on getItem(int position) { to return the same fragment instance as you passed in, because that will lead you to this problem. (This question does it correctly, the getItem() method must always return a new Fragment instance.)