What term would describe the following poetry elements like rhyme, alliteration, assonance, etc. that relate to the way the word is sounded?

Perhaps prosody is what you're looking for.

noun

1 the science or study of poetic meters and versification.

2 a particular or distinctive system of metrics and versification: Milton's prosody.

3 Linguistics. the stress and intonation patterns of an utterance.

Poetic Device

At its most basic, a poetic device is a deliberate use of words, phrases, sounds, and even shapes to convey meaning. That sounds so broad that it could basically encompass any form of written expression, but poetic devices are generally used to heighten the literal meaning of words by considering sound, form, and function.

The 20 Poetic Devices You Must Know by Melissa Brinks

https://blog.prepscholar.com/poetic-devices-poetry-terms

The collective term sound devices, as you've heard, is correct. In relation to poetry, it refers to all aspects of the choice and arrangement of words by a writer of poetry or prose, designed to have a desired effect on the human ear. These are also called aural devices in literature.