Rule for words/set of words that fit "Others with the same *"?
Solution 1:
The problem is not with the noun/phrase; it is with the preposition.
"Others with the same location", it feels off
It is off. In the commonest contexts, it is "Others in/at/near the same location".
Likewise,
"Others with the same race." should be "Others of the same race."
There are no "rules" in English, there is only guidance; some guidance looks like a rule - it probably isn't.