What word would someone around the era of the Wild West (1850) use to describe a "posh fancy-pants"? I see that "fancy-pants" first known usage was in the twentieth century, so it's a no-go. Now, the sociolect of the person saying this would be that of a coal miner in Texas, which is quite specific, but should give a general idea of their speech.


"Tinhorn" and "City Slicker" are possibilities.

“Tinhorn” (used in the 19th Century) referred to an unscrupulous, unskilled, self-important or low-class gambler. It could also refer to a man pretending to have money or influence, or someone who was flashy; a dude or a phony. The term originated from a game where three dice were rolled down a chute onto a flat area. True West Magazine truewestmagazine.com/what-does-the-word-tinhorn-mean

City slicker (probably not used until the early 20th Century) is an idiomatic expression for someone accustomed to a city or urban lifestyle and unsuited to life in the country. The term was typically used as a term of derision by rural Americans who regarded them with amusement. It may refer to a "fop", or it may be a derogatory term for a person wearing inappropriate city-type business attire, particularly with a brusque or condescending attitude in areas where local residents are offended by an arrogant attitude combined with disdain and lack of respect for rural people and lifestyles. Wikipedia


You could try going for "coxcomb", which dates back to the 16th century. Shakespeare also used "princox", which dates from about the same time, but that's just about obsolete now.