Android Respond To URL in Intent

I did it! Using <intent-filter>. Put the following into your manifest file:

<intent-filter>
  <action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" />
  <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
  <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" />
  <data android:host="www.youtube.com" android:scheme="http" />
</intent-filter>

This works perfectly!

You might need to allow different combinations of data in your intent filter to get it to work in different cases (http/ vs https/, www. vs no www., etc).

For example, I had to do the following for an app which would open when the user opened a link to Google Drive forms (www.docs.google.com/forms)

Note that path prefix is optional.

        <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" />
            <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
            <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" />

            <data android:scheme="http" />
            <data android:scheme="https" />

            <data android:host="www.docs.google.com" />
            <data android:host="docs.google.com" />

            <data android:pathPrefix="/forms" />
        </intent-filter>