Where am I wrong about my project and these Javascript Frameworks?

Not sure about your timeline and resources, but when I'm trying to decide between multiple frameworks/environments, I just go ahead and try to quickly build a prototype. Even if it's just one or two major functions, I find that all the research and documentation in the world won't ever match actually trying to build something with the tools. I say take a day with each and see how far you get. That'll give you a pretty good indication of which tools are up to the task and feel most comfortable for you.

meteor is all the rage nowadays (the most starred full-stack JavaScript framework on GitHub and Meteorpedia is a wiki engine written in Meteor.

The launch video will get you hooked by 1:28.

It's agnostic with regards to the UI, and has been tested extensively with Bootstrap and Famo.us. It also generates mobile apps from the same codebase.

I would suggest first coming up with specific UI requirements for your project. Which of the frameworks you've tried have you taken for a spin?

Personally, I got into ExtJS development because the projects I work on require a lot of customization of controls/widgets. ExtJS has a ton of them right out of the box and can always be extended, combined, or munged into whatever monstrosity your business requires.

ExtJS 4 also allows you to "skin" your UI's to further customize the look and feel.

If you are new to JavaScript, and are comfortable with Java, you might even look into a server-side solution such as GWT, JSF, or even Vaadin

Your choice of framework might not constrain your UI choices as much as you may be imagining. This recent Henri Bergius article about decoupling content management illustrates the point much better than I could -- and, incidentally, links to a pretty sweet looking pure-JavaScript (framework-independent) in-place content editor.

You are not alone!

VanillaJS and Ampersand .. are great examples of the serious drive for simpler, more modular JavaScript.

There's even a Book about it.

Simplicity is being driven by an under-rated es6 feature: Modules and the SystemJS implementation standard. It even can be used on non-es6 systems.

How cool is that!