Which abbreviation to use for the current observed time in Central Europe?

Solution 1:

CEST or CEDT Central European Summer Time or Daylight Time respectively.

CET in the winter. (Central European Time).

These are from the linked source, timeandate.com

CET would be the general acronym similar to PT. But in the US people don't use PT. We'd say either Pacific (spelled out) or PST/PDT for the designation. (Note, in PST the S is for Standard, not Summer.)

So you could follow suit and say:

Central European or CET/CEST where appropriate.

Because the time only shifts twice a year, you just have to nail down your naming convention by time of year. Winter vs Summer.