Vagrant box most similar to Amazon EC2 instances

Solution 1:

No, there is no way to use Amazon Linux outside of EC2. If you want to use a Red Hat Enterprise Linux derivative (which Amazon Linux is), I recommend using CentOS 6 both in Vagrant and on EC2. You will find many CentOS base boxes here, and the official AMIs are listed here.

Solution 2:

NOTE: This answer is not about finding a vagrant box for "Amazon Linux". This answer is about helping the original poster solve the goal of using the same system in production as in dev, which happens to be Ubuntu. As you can see in the comments below, OP agreed this would solve his problem.

Canonical provides official Ubuntu AMIs on EC2 and corresponding official Vagrant boxes for download.

For Ubuntu 12.04 Precise, the AMIs are listed at

http://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/precise/current/

and the Vagrant boxes are listed at

http://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/vagrant/precise/current/

You can use this to start with the same base config on EC2 as you are using locally in dev.