What are general rules to form this superlatives: "adjective + most"?

Solution 1:

They mean the latest point reachable when you move in a certain direction:

  • rightmost -> move right until you can't move anymore
  • headmost -> move ahead until you can't move anymore

and so on.

The point you've reached when you can't move anymore is the point the speaker is talking about.

So in general:

  • "direction"most -> move in "direction" until you can't move anymore. You will see what I mean there