Is the word "attached" in the sentence "Please find attached the file..." passive or adjective? Why can the word "attached" split verb from object
"Please find attached the file [...]" is just the sentence, "Please find the file attached [...]" with a different word order. "Attached" is a participle in both sentences, making it act like an adjective. (It modifies "file".)
As for why it can split the verb and it's object, well, I think a formalist would tell you it can't (or shouldn't) and that the example sentence contains a syntax error. But this kind of splitting is seen sometimes in spoken language and informal writing. C'est la vie. (That's life.)