Pairs from single list

Often enough, I've found the need to process a list by pairs. I was wondering which would be the pythonic and efficient way to do it, and found this on Google:

pairs = zip(t[::2], t[1::2])

I thought that was pythonic enough, but after a recent discussion involving idioms versus efficiency, I decided to do some tests:

import time
from itertools import islice, izip

def pairs_1(t):
    return zip(t[::2], t[1::2]) 

def pairs_2(t):
    return izip(t[::2], t[1::2]) 

def pairs_3(t):
    return izip(islice(t,None,None,2), islice(t,1,None,2))

A = range(10000)
B = xrange(len(A))

def pairs_4(t):
    # ignore value of t!
    t = B
    return izip(islice(t,None,None,2), islice(t,1,None,2))

for f in pairs_1, pairs_2, pairs_3, pairs_4:
    # time the pairing
    s = time.time()
    for i in range(1000):
        p = f(A)
    t1 = time.time() - s

    # time using the pairs
    s = time.time()
    for i in range(1000):
        p = f(A)
        for a, b in p:
            pass
    t2 = time.time() - s
    print t1, t2, t2-t1

These were the results on my computer:

1.48668909073 2.63187503815 1.14518594742
0.105381965637 1.35109519958 1.24571323395
0.00257992744446 1.46182489395 1.45924496651
0.00251388549805 1.70076990128 1.69825601578

If I'm interpreting them correctly, that should mean that the implementation of lists, list indexing, and list slicing in Python is very efficient. It's a result both comforting and unexpected.

Is there another, "better" way of traversing a list in pairs?

Note that if the list has an odd number of elements then the last one will not be in any of the pairs.

Which would be the right way to ensure that all elements are included?

I added these two suggestions from the answers to the tests:

def pairwise(t):
    it = iter(t)
    return izip(it, it)

def chunkwise(t, size=2):
    it = iter(t)
    return izip(*[it]*size)

These are the results:

0.00159502029419 1.25745987892 1.25586485863
0.00222492218018 1.23795199394 1.23572707176

Results so far

Most pythonic and very efficient:

pairs = izip(t[::2], t[1::2])

Most efficient and very pythonic:

pairs = izip(*[iter(t)]*2)

It took me a moment to grok that the first answer uses two iterators while the second uses a single one.

To deal with sequences with an odd number of elements, the suggestion has been to augment the original sequence adding one element (None) that gets paired with the previous last element, something that can be achieved with itertools.izip_longest().

Finally

Note that, in Python 3.x, zip() behaves as itertools.izip(), and itertools.izip() is gone.

My favorite way to do it:

def pairwise(t):
    it = iter(t)
    return zip(it,it)

# for "pairs" of any length
def chunkwise(t, size=2):
    it = iter(t)
    return zip(*[it]*size)

When you want to pair all elements you obviously might need a fillvalue:

from itertools import izip_longest
def blockwise(t, size=2, fillvalue=None):
    it = iter(t)
    return izip_longest(*[it]*size, fillvalue=fillvalue)

With Python 3, itertools.izip is now simply zip .. to work with an older Python, use

from itertools import izip as zip

I'd say that your initial solution pairs = zip(t[::2], t[1::2]) is the best one because it is easiest to read (and in Python 3, zip automatically returns an iterator instead of a list).

To ensure that all elements are included, you could simply extend the list by None.

Then, if the list has an odd number of elements, the last pair will be (item, None).

>>> t = [1,2,3,4,5]
>>> t.append(None)
>>> zip(t[::2], t[1::2])
[(1, 2), (3, 4), (5, None)]
>>> t = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
>>> t.append(None)
>>> zip(t[::2], t[1::2])
[(1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6)]

I start with small disclaimer - don't use the code below. It's not Pythonic at all, I wrote just for fun. It's similar to @THC4k pairwise function but it uses iter and lambda closures. It doesn't use itertools module and doesn't support fillvalue. I put it here because someone might find it interesting:

pairwise = lambda t: iter((lambda f: lambda: (f(), f()))(iter(t).next), None)