What's a world boss?
I've seen a "world boss" referenced several times, but have yet to see any quest that leads to something that seems like a "boss" for the world. So what's a world boss?
Solution 1:
Basically, they are "world-level" bosses (not found in instanced, repeatable adventures) that require more than a 4 person party. Usually an operation of 12-16 players (of the appropriate level) are recommend for going against them.
The world boss mobs are usually massive and have an indication saying "World Boss" when you select them.
Here is a list of world boss locations.
Solution 2:
A world boss is an enemy that exists in the open world, they are not locked into any Flashpoints, Operations, or Story area. Anyone can attack him, but generally one or two players will not be able to take them down (unless they are really high level and have great gear).
They generally do not have a quest associated to them, but generally drop good pieces of equipment/weapons for any heroes strong enough to kill them.
So far I have encountered 2 such world bosses. One exists in the middle of nowhere in the Dune Sea on Tatoonine and the other is a giant robot in Shadow Town on Nar Shaddaa Co-ords (2093, 2910). Both these bosses have over 500,000 health.