Handling XML escape characters (e.g. quotes) using JAXB Marshaller

I need to serialize an XML java object to a XML file using the JAXB Marshaller (JAXB version 2.2). Now in the xml object, I have a tag which contains String value such that:

"<"tagA>
**"<"YYYYY>done"<"/YYYYY>**
"<"/tagA>

Now as you can see that this string value again contains tags. I want this to be written in the same way in the xml file.

But JAXB Marshaller converts these values such as:

"&"lt;YYYYY"&"gt;"&"#xD;done ...& so on

I am not able to treat these escape characters separately using JAXB 2.2 Is it possible anyways?

Any help in this regard will be great..

Thanks in advance, Abhinav Mishra

Solution 1:

Done it by setting the following property for the JAXB Marshaller:

marshaller.setProperty("jaxb.encoding", "Unicode");

Solution 2:

There is one simpler way. First use custom escape sequence:

m.setProperty(CharacterEscapeHandler.class.getName(), new CharacterEscapeHandler() {
    @Override
    public void escape(char[] ch, int start, int length, boolean isAttVal, Writer out) throws IOException {
        out.write( ch, start, length ); 
    }
});

Then marshal it to a String like mentioned below

StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
m.marshal(marshalObject, writer);

and then create a document object from the writer mentioned below

DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
InputSource is = new InputSource( new StringReader( writer.toString() ) );
Document doc = builder.parse( is );

escape characters issue will be resolved

Solution 3:

With JAXB marshaller if you want full control over which characters to escape(e.g. "\'") you will have to add property :

Marshaller marshaller = jc.createMarshaller();
marshaller.setProperty(CharacterEscapeHandler.class.getName(), new CustomCharacterEscapeHandler());

and create a new CustomCharacterEscapeHandler class

import com.sun.xml.bind.marshaller.CharacterEscapeHandler;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.Writer;

public class CustomCharacterEscapeHandler implements CharacterEscapeHandler {

    public CustomCharacterEscapeHandler() {
        super();
    }

    public void escape(char[] ch, int start, int length, boolean isAttVal, Writer out) throws IOException {
        // avoid calling the Writerwrite method too much by assuming
        // that the escaping occurs rarely.
        // profiling revealed that this is faster than the naive code.
        int limit = start+length;
        for (int i = start; i < limit; i++) {
            char c = ch[i];
            if(c == '&' || c == '<' || c == '>' || c == '\'' || (c == '\"' && isAttVal) ) {
                if(i!=start)
                    out.write(ch,start,i-start);
                start = i+1;
                switch (ch[i]) {
                    case '&':
                        out.write("&amp;");
                        break;
                    case '<':
                        out.write("&lt;");
                        break;
                    case '>':
                        out.write("&gt;");
                        break;
                    case '\"':
                        out.write("&quot;");
                        break;
                    case '\'':
                        out.write("&apos;");
                        break;
                }
            }
        }

        if( start!=limit )
            out.write(ch,start,limit-start);
    }
}

Hope that helps.

Solution 4:

You can leverage the CDATA structure. Standard JAXB does not cover this structure. There is an extension in EclipseLink JAXB (MOXy) for this (I'm the tech lead). Check out my answer to a related question:

How to generate CDATA block using JAXB?

It describes the @XmlCDATA annotation in MOXy:

import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlRootElement;
import org.eclipse.persistence.oxm.annotations.XmlCDATA;

@XmlRootElement(name="c")
public class Customer {

   private String bio;

   @XmlCDATA
   public void setBio(String bio) {
      this.bio = bio;
   }

   public String getBio() {
      return bio;
   }

}

For more information see:

http://bdoughan.blogspot.com/2010/07/cdata-cdata-run-run-data-run.html

Solution 5:

Depending on what you are exactly looking for you can either :

disable character escaping
or use CDATA string which support can be added into JAXB with just a bit of configuration