Is there a word in English which refers to art that describes a place?
The closest term I can find that has wide usage is "ode". Though an ode isn't necessarily about a place, it certainly can be. And of course, an ode is definitively for written works, but one could apply it with artistic license to other media.
The New Oxford American Dictionary defines "ode" as (emphasis mine):
a lyric poem in the form of an address to a particular subject, often elevated in style or manner and written in varied or irregular meter.
Other more applicable phrases found in Google, but not universally recognized include "place art" and "setting art".