Bypass Two-Factor Authentication on iPhone
Solution 1:
Apple Support page on 2FA:
What if I can't access a trusted device or didn't receive a verification code?
If you're signing in and don’t have a trusted device handy that can display verification codes, you can have a code sent to your trusted phone number via text message or an automated phone call instead.
Click "Didn't Get a Code" on the sign in screen and choose to send a code to your trusted phone number. You can also get a code directly from Settings on a trusted device.
There's more info on the "Learn how to get a verification code" page, too.