Which properties does a critical point have if the Jacobian determinant is $0$ and thus no characteristic equation exists?
I have the system
\begin{equation} \begin{array} fx'=y(1-x^2-y^2)\\ y'=x-y \end{array} \end{equation}
which has several CPs. 5 of them have either of the variables at $0$. This yields a zero-valued determinant for the Jacobian for all these 5 CPs.
Since there is no characteristic equation from the Jacobian at these points, what can be said of these points?
Thanks
We have
$$\begin{align} y(1 - x^2 - y^2) &= 0 \\ x - y &= 0 \end{align}$$
From the second equation
$$y = x$$
Substituting that into the first equation
$$x(1 - 2 x^2) = 0 \implies x = 0, \pm \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$$
Since we know $y = x$, we have three $x$ values and end up with
$$(x, y) = (0,0), \left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}, \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\right), \left(-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}, -\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\right)$$
You can now test these three critical points in the Jacobian.
We can look at a phase portrait and determine their behavior