Why are the "Battery| Battery" and "Battery | Power" settings disabled in System Preferences?
Solution 1:
I think you're witnessing a bug where a password is required to unlock the settings, but the padlock is not shown.
I would suggest opening up System Preferences > Security & Privacy and unlock that using the padlock and your password. Then click on Advanced and ensure that Require an administrator password to access system-wide preferences is checked.
Now you should be able to go back to Battery settings, unlock the padlock and change the settings.