Crush the spearhead leek

Not sure if this helps, but the origin appears to be from Middle English when the combination of the two terms took place. Usage of the Old English term appears to suggest a non- countable noun.

The modern English form has not changed a great deal over the course of history. Taking a step back to Middle English, we can find it variously spelled as garlec, garleek and garlek, among others. Let’s take a look at an example from 1399, from the Forme of Cury:

• Take Colyandre Powdour of Peper and garlec ygrounde in rede wyne.

This work t ranslates as “forms of cooking” – the ‘cury’ is in fact from French cuire. It is a collection of recipes claimed to have been written by the Master Cooks of King Richard II.

Just a few years previously, Chaucer wrote in his Canterbury Tales:

• Wel loued he gā̆r-lē̆k, oynons, and eek lekes.

Here, you can see that it has been written as two parts put together, and you might wonder why. The reason is, of course, simple. Garlic is indeed formed of two parts. It comes from Old English garleac or garlec in some dialects, which consists of gar and leac. We will start with the first element: gar. This meant ‘spear’. You have only to look at the shape of the cloves to see why it might be called a spear – they do indeed look similar to the shape of a spear-head. This term, gar, has of course become obsolete, but we can see a well-known example of it in Beowulf, from around the 10th century:

• Hwæt! We Gár-Dena, in geárdagum, þeódcyninga þrym gefrunon

• Lo! We have heard renowned the Spear-Danes’ great kings in days of yore

Let’s take a look at the second element: leac. There is nothing strange about this at all. Quite simply, it means ‘leek’, another word that remains little changed!

• Ðæt greáta cráuleác; nim ðes leáces heáfda

That makes crow-garlic; take the leeks on the rise

From Leechdoms, Wortcunning, and Starcraft of early England, a collection of Old English source texts.

The Old English word is thought to derive from Proto-Germanic *lauka. There are cognates to be found in other Germanic languages; Swedish lök and Danish løg both meaning ‘onion’,Dutch look and German Lauch, meaning ‘leek’.

(The Millers Tale)

Garlic from aphaDictionary.com

Notes: Although it refers to countable objects, garlic is a mass noun, which means that it has no plural. It behaves like nouns referring to masses or substances with indeterminate boundaries, like water, air, and contemplation. We can say, "two onions" but never "two garlics"; instead, we must say "two heads of garlic" or "two cloves of garlic".

Garlic as a mass noun from Lexical meaning:

8–3 Onion is generally a count noun, and garlic generally a mass noun – one says an onion but not #a garlic , and a head of garlic but not a head of onion or a bulb of onion. Onion can be treated as a mass noun, however, In contexts like “this soup has too much onion*” ...

Wierzbika notes that both onions and garlic are used chopped up as an ingredient....Since they are usually experienced chopped, their integrity as individuals is compromised. That is why they can be both used as mass nouns...but Wierzbika notes that whole onions are sometime prepared and eaten....head of garlic are not eaten this way because of the paper between the cloves.

Only answering the resemblance part of your question:

I grow garlic, and while I'm aiming for the same plump cloves you get from commercial garlic it doesn't always work that way. Garlic grown in poor soil lacks the curvature of the clove in your picture and is much smaller. Its shape is similar to the 5th or 6th spearhead in your top row, if you ignore the part into which the shaft is inserted.

I suspect my rather pathetic bulbs (I get decent ones as well) are closer to ancient garlic than those grown with lots of fertiliser and sold.

This clove is just under 1 cm long; Although it lacks the symmetry of most of the spear-heads it's rather closer the the typical bought stuff. This is actually grown from supermarket garlic so is a modern high-yielding variety. I had already discarded the thinnest cloves as not even worth planting.