Change default monospace font for Windows 7?
Solution 1:
Windows has no such notion of "default" fonts. Many developers pick something like Lucida Console or Courier New (or Consolas for Vista+ systems) simply because they're built into Windows. The next best thing you can do is remove the font that you don't want to see and use the FontSubstitutes
registry key to make sure that any application requesting that font gets the one you want instead.
The only part I'm not sure about is if it's going to be easy to remove built-in fonts without tripping Windows File Protection.
Solution 2:
TweakFix's answer is the closest thing to an answer for system-wide settings you will get as different applications all have their own settings for this. For some apps you may be able to change it in their .ini files, or their registry entries.
For CMD, you can add additional monospace fonts to the list by editing and then running this .reg file:
Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00
; Installs additonal font in the Windows Command Prompt as per Microsoft KB247815
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Console\TrueTypeFont]
"000000"="font name"