Mockito cannot mock this class

java unit-testing mockito

I am attempting to mock a public class, however when doing so, Mockito throws an Mockito cannot mock this class exception.

Class I wish to mock: https://github.com/scribejava/scribejava/blob/master/scribejava-core/src/main/java/com/github/scribejava/core/builder/ServiceBuilder.java

Test code:

package xyz.jacobclark.adapter;

import com.github.scribejava.apis.TwitterApi;
import com.github.scribejava.core.builder.ServiceBuilder;
import com.github.scribejava.core.model.OAuth1RequestToken;
import com.github.scribejava.core.oauth.OAuth10aService;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.junit.MockitoJUnitRunner;

import java.io.IOException;

import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.is;
import static org.hamcrest.core.IsInstanceOf.any;

@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
public class TwitterOAuthAdapterTest {
    @Mock
    ServiceBuilder serviceBuilder;

    @Test
    public void getRequestTokenShouldReturnAValidRequestToken() throws IOException {
        class TwitterOAuthAdapter {
            private final OAuth10aService service;

            public TwitterOAuthAdapter(ServiceBuilder serviceBuilder){
                this.service = serviceBuilder
                    .apiKey("")
                    .apiSecret("")
                    .build(TwitterApi.instance());
            }

            public OAuth1RequestToken getRequestToken() throws IOException {
                return this.service.getRequestToken();
            }
        }

        TwitterOAuthAdapter oAuthAdapter = new TwitterOAuthAdapter(serviceBuilder);
        Assert.assertThat(oAuthAdapter.getRequestToken(), is(any(OAuth1RequestToken.class)));
    }
}

Full stacktrace:

xyz.jacobclark.adapter.TwitterOAuthAdapterTest

org.mockito.exceptions.base.MockitoException: 
Mockito cannot mock this class: class com.github.scribejava.core.builder.ServiceBuilder.

Mockito can only mock non-private & non-final classes.
If you're not sure why you're getting this error, please report to the mailing list.


Java               : 1.8
JVM vendor name    : Oracle Corporation
JVM vendor version : 25.0-b70
JVM name           : Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM
JVM version        : 1.8.0-b132
JVM info           : mixed mode
OS name            : Mac OS X
OS version         : 10.11.3


Underlying exception : java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: object is not an instance of declaring class

    at org.mockito.internal.runners.SilentJUnitRunner$1.withBefores(SilentJUnitRunner.java:29)
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:276)
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78)
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
    at org.mockito.internal.runners.SilentJUnitRunner.run(SilentJUnitRunner.java:39)
    at org.mockito.internal.runners.StrictRunner.run(StrictRunner.java:39)
    at org.mockito.junit.MockitoJUnitRunner.run(MockitoJUnitRunner.java:103)
    at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
    at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:117)
    at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:42)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:262)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:84)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:483)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:147)
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: object is not an instance of declaring class
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:483)
    at net.bytebuddy.description.type.TypeDescription$Generic$AnnotationReader$ForTypeArgument.resolve(TypeDescription.java:3843)
    at net.bytebuddy.description.type.TypeDescription$Generic$AnnotationReader$Delegator$Chained.resolve(TypeDescription.java:3468)
    at net.bytebuddy.description.type.TypeDescription$Generic$AnnotationReader$ForTypeArgument.resolve(TypeDescription.java:3803)
    at net.bytebuddy.description.type.TypeDescription$Generic$AnnotationReader$Delegator.asList(TypeDescription.java:3439)
    at net.bytebuddy.description.type.TypeDescription$Generic$OfWildcardType$ForLoadedType.getDeclaredAnnotations(TypeDescription.java:4748)
    at net.bytebuddy.description.type.TypeDescription$Generic$Visitor$TypeVariableErasing.onWildcard(TypeDescription.java:680)
    at net.bytebuddy.description.type.TypeDescription$Generic$Visitor$TypeVariableErasing.onWildcard(TypeDescription.java:663)
    at net.bytebuddy.description.type.TypeDescription$Generic$OfWildcardType.accept(TypeDescription.java:4656)
    at net.bytebuddy.description.type.TypeDescription$Generic$Visitor$TypeVariableErasing.onParameterizedType(TypeDescription.java:691)
    at net.bytebuddy.description.type.TypeDescription$Generic$Visitor$TypeVariableErasing.onParameterizedType(TypeDescription.java:663)
    at net.bytebuddy.description.type.TypeDescription$Generic$OfParameterizedType.accept(TypeDescription.java:4998)
    at net.bytebuddy.description.type.TypeList$Generic$AbstractBase.accept(TypeList.java:249)
    at net.bytebuddy.description.type.TypeDescription$Generic$Visitor$TypeVariableErasing$RetainedTypeVariable.getUpperBounds(TypeDescription.java:832)
    at net.bytebuddy.description.type.TypeDescription$Generic$OfTypeVariable.asErasure(TypeDescription.java:5373)
    at net.bytebuddy.description.method.MethodDescription$AbstractBase.asTypeToken(MethodDescription.java:701)
    at net.bytebuddy.dynamic.scaffold.MethodGraph$Compiler$Default$Key$Harmonized.of(MethodGraph.java:881)
    at net.bytebuddy.dynamic.scaffold.MethodGraph$Compiler$Default$Key$Store.registerTopLevel(MethodGraph.java:1074)
    at net.bytebuddy.dynamic.scaffold.MethodGraph$Compiler$Default.doAnalyze(MethodGraph.java:588)
    at net.bytebuddy.dynamic.scaffold.MethodGraph$Compiler$Default.analyze(MethodGraph.java:548)
    at net.bytebuddy.dynamic.scaffold.MethodGraph$Compiler$Default.analyzeNullable(MethodGraph.java:567)
    at net.bytebuddy.dynamic.scaffold.MethodGraph$Compiler$Default.doAnalyze(MethodGraph.java:581)
    at net.bytebuddy.dynamic.scaffold.MethodGraph$Compiler$Default.compile(MethodGraph.java:521)
    at net.bytebuddy.dynamic.scaffold.MethodGraph$Compiler$AbstractBase.compile(MethodGraph.java:442)
    at net.bytebuddy.dynamic.scaffold.MethodRegistry$Default.prepare(MethodRegistry.java:480)
    at net.bytebuddy.dynamic.scaffold.subclass.SubclassDynamicTypeBuilder.make(SubclassDynamicTypeBuilder.java:160)
    at net.bytebuddy.dynamic.scaffold.subclass.SubclassDynamicTypeBuilder.make(SubclassDynamicTypeBuilder.java:153)
    at net.bytebuddy.dynamic.DynamicType$Builder$AbstractBase.make(DynamicType.java:2568)
    at net.bytebuddy.dynamic.DynamicType$Builder$AbstractBase$Delegator.make(DynamicType.java:2670)
    at org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.SubclassBytecodeGenerator.mockClass(SubclassBytecodeGenerator.java:84)
    at org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.TypeCachingBytecodeGenerator$CachedBytecodeGenerator.getOrGenerateMockClass(TypeCachingBytecodeGenerator.java:91)
    at org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.TypeCachingBytecodeGenerator.mockClass(TypeCachingBytecodeGenerator.java:38)
    at org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.SubclassByteBuddyMockMaker.createMockType(SubclassByteBuddyMockMaker.java:67)
    at org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.SubclassByteBuddyMockMaker.createMock(SubclassByteBuddyMockMaker.java:38)
    at org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.ByteBuddyMockMaker.createMock(ByteBuddyMockMaker.java:26)
    at org.mockito.internal.util.MockUtil.createMock(MockUtil.java:35)
    at org.mockito.internal.MockitoCore.mock(MockitoCore.java:63)
    at org.mockito.Mockito.mock(Mockito.java:1637)
    at org.mockito.internal.configuration.MockAnnotationProcessor.process(MockAnnotationProcessor.java:33)
    at org.mockito.internal.configuration.MockAnnotationProcessor.process(MockAnnotationProcessor.java:16)
    at org.mockito.internal.configuration.DefaultAnnotationEngine.createMockFor(DefaultAnnotationEngine.java:39)
    at org.mockito.internal.configuration.DefaultAnnotationEngine.process(DefaultAnnotationEngine.java:63)
    at org.mockito.internal.configuration.InjectingAnnotationEngine.processIndependentAnnotations(InjectingAnnotationEngine.java:59)
    at org.mockito.internal.configuration.InjectingAnnotationEngine.process(InjectingAnnotationEngine.java:43)
    at org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(MockitoAnnotations.java:67)
    ... 23 more


Test ignored.
Process finished with exit code 255

Even though it's not specifically answering the question (question is Java 8), I came here via Google. Using Java 11, I solved this issue by including the following dependency in build.gradle:

compile group: 'org.mockito', name: 'mockito-core', version: '2.22.0'

as discussed here


It is because of Java/Mockito compatibility. For example, if you are using Java 11 with Mockito 2.17.0, it will throw the same error (Upgrading to Mockito 2.22.0 or later will solve it). Aside from digging into their release artifact on Github, I am yet to see a comprehensive document that spells out the compatibility matrix. Here is a helpful compatibility Matrix (based on quick test)

  • Mockito * - 2.17.0 => Java 8

(footnote: * - dont know how far back)

  • Mockito 2.18.0 - 3.2.4 => Java 11

Had same issue. When I updated my Java JDK version to 1.8.0_131 the error disappeared.


I had the same issue. I tried everything that is listed on stack overflow i.e

  • updated JDK version
  • updated Maven
  • Made ByteBuddy and Mockito to use compatible versions.
  • cleared cache
  • use latest mockito versions etc

and this : https://github.com/mockito/mockito/issues/1606.

But nothing worked for me.

I cleared all the cache and then reinstalled Android studio which fixed the issue.

Probably just clearing all the caches that Android Studio uses could have solved it too.

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