Quadruped is to four-legged animal as ___ is to six-legged animal?
A creature which walks on two legs can be referred to as biped; bi- meaning two.
A creature which walks on four legs can be referred to as quadruped; quad- meaning four.
What is the corresponding word for a six-legged creature?
Hexapod (n., plural hexapods):
- Any organism or being with six legs.
(The Free Dictionary)
Hexapod (n.) etymology:
- "six-footed insect," 1660s, from Modern Latin hexapod-, stem of hexapodus, from Greek hex "six" (see six) + Greek pod-, stem of pous "foot" (from PIE root *ped- "foot"). Greek hexapous (adj.) was used only with reference to poetic meter. As an adjective from 1856.
(Etymonline)
In theory, if you're using quadruped to refer to a four-legged creature, the word would indeed be sexaped. However, English, being a hosh-posh of other languages, uses the word hexapod.
Well, people balk at the risky-sounding sexaped, so you need to switch to Greek and use hexapod. Doing the same for 4- and 2-legged creatures would result in a tetrapod and a dipod. Problem with those are that they are reminiscent of a tripod, a clearly inanimate object.
All those foreign language terms come with associations reducing the applicability of the originally rather generic meaning.
Why not switch back to English and use "six-legged"? Works for insects (which is Latin for grooved beasts) as well as furniture.