Rotate objects around circle using CSS?

html css css-animations

Solution 1:

Jquery solution which works for any number of outer items.

Jquery shamelessly stolen from ThiefMaster♦ and their answer at this Q & A

var radius = 100; // adjust to move out items in and out 
var fields = $('.item'),
  container = $('#container'),
  width = container.width(),
  height = container.height();
var angle = 0,
  step = (2 * Math.PI) / fields.length;
fields.each(function() {
  var x = Math.round(width / 2 + radius * Math.cos(angle) - $(this).width() / 2);
  var y = Math.round(height / 2 + radius * Math.sin(angle) - $(this).height() / 2);
  if (window.console) {
    console.log($(this).text(), x, y);
  }
  $(this).css({
    left: x + 'px',
    top: y + 'px'
  });
  angle += step;
});
body {
  padding: 2em;
}
#container {
  width: 200px;
  height: 200px;
  margin: 10px auto;
  border: 1px solid #000;
  position: relative;
  border-radius: 50%;
  animation: spin 10s linear infinite;
}
.item {
  width: 30px;
  height: 30px;
  line-height: 30px;
  text-align: center;
  border-radius: 50%;
  position: absolute;
  background: #f00;
  animation: spin 10s linear infinite reverse;
}
@keyframes spin {
  100% {
    transform: rotate(1turn);
  }
}
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<div id="container">
  <div class="item">1</div>
  <div class="item">2</div>
  <div class="item">3</div>
  <div class="item">4</div>
  <div class="item">5</div>
  <div class="item">6</div>
</div>

Solution 2:

How about this, demo at the bottom with 3 circles: 

.outCircle  {
    width: 200px;
    height: 200px;
    background-color: lightblue;
    left: 270px;
    position: absolute;
    top: 50px;
	-moz-border-radius: 100px;
	-webkit-border-radius: 100px;
	border-radius: 100px;
}

.duringTwentyOne {
  -webkit-animation-duration: 21s;
}

.duringTen {
  -webkit-animation-duration: 10s;
}

.duringFour {
  -webkit-animation-duration: 4s;
}

.infinite {
   -webkit-animation-iteration-count: infinite;
}

.linear {
   -webkit-animation-timing-function: linear;
}

.counter {
   width: 50px;
   height: 50px;
   -webkit-animation-duration: inherit;
   -webkit-animation-direction: reverse;
   -webkit-animation-timing-function: inherit;
   -webkit-animation-iteration-count: inherit;
   -webkit-animation-name: inherit;
}

.rotate {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    -webkit-animation-name: circle;
    position: relative;
    z-index : 10;
    display : block;
}

.second {
  top : -100%;
}

.thirdBigger {
  top : -240%;
  left: -40%;
  width:150%;
  height: 150%;
}
  
.inner {
    width: 100px;
	height: 100px;
	-moz-border-radius: 50px;
	-webkit-border-radius: 50px;
	border-radius: 100px;
    position: absolute;
    left: 0px;
    top: 0px;
    background-color: red;
    display: block;

}

.red {
  	background: red;
}

.green {
  	background: green;
}


@keyframes circle {
    from {-webkit-transform: rotateZ(0deg)}
    to {-webkit-transform: rotateZ(360deg)}
}
<div class="outCircle">
  <div class="rotate linear infinite duringTen">
    <div class="counter">
      <div class="inner">hello
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="second rotate linear infinite duringFour">
    <div class="counter">
      <div class="inner red">bye bye
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="thirdBigger rotate linear infinite duringTwentyOne">
    <div class="counter">
      <div class="inner green">s'up
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

Solution 3:

Not sure if this is what you are after, but you need to position your rotating circles absolutely (so they don't interfere with each other) and then give them their own animation:

For the counter rotation, just make them then minus of what the rotation degrees is and that will keep your text horizontal

.outCircle {
  width: 200px;
  height: 200px;
  background-color: lightblue;
  left: 270px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 50px;
  -moz-border-radius: 100px;
  -webkit-border-radius: 100px;
  border-radius: 100px;
}
.rotate {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  position: absolute;  /* add this */
}
.counterrotate {
  width: 100px;
  height: 100px;
}

.inner {
  width: 100px;
  height: 100px;
  text-align: center;
  vertical-align: middle;
  background: red;
  border-radius: 100px;
  background-color: red;
  display: table-cell;
}
.anim1 {
  -webkit-animation: circle1 10s infinite linear;
}
.anim1 .counterrotate {
  -webkit-animation: ccircle1 10s infinite linear;
}
.anim2 {
  -webkit-animation: circle2 10s infinite linear;
}
.anim2 .counterrotate {
  -webkit-animation: ccircle2 10s infinite linear;
}
.anim3 {
  -webkit-animation: circle3 10s infinite linear;
}
.anim3 .counterrotate {
  -webkit-animation: ccircle3 10s infinite linear;
}
@-webkit-keyframes circle1 {
  from {
    -webkit-transform: rotateZ(0deg)
  }
  to {
    -webkit-transform: rotateZ(360deg)
  }
}
@-webkit-keyframes ccircle1 {
  from {
    -webkit-transform: rotateZ(0deg)
  }
  to {
    -webkit-transform: rotateZ(-360deg)
  }
}
@-webkit-keyframes circle2 {
  from {
    -webkit-transform: rotateZ(90deg)
  }
  to {
    -webkit-transform: rotateZ(450deg)
  }
}
@-webkit-keyframes ccircle2 {
  from {
    -webkit-transform: rotateZ(-90deg)
  }
  to {
    -webkit-transform: rotateZ(-450deg)
  }
}
@-webkit-keyframes circle3 {
  from {
    -webkit-transform: rotateZ(180deg)
  }
  to {
    -webkit-transform: rotateZ(540deg)
  }
}
@-webkit-keyframes ccircle3 {
  from {
    -webkit-transform: rotateZ(-180deg)
  }
  to {
    -webkit-transform: rotateZ(-540deg)
  }
}
<div class="outCircle">
  <div class="rotate anim1">
    <div class="counterrotate">
      <div class="inner">hello
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="rotate anim2">
    <div class="counterrotate">
      <div class="inner">hello
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="rotate anim3">
    <div class="counterrotate">
      <div class="inner">hello
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

Solution 4:

Here is a more generic idea with less of where you don't need JS and you only need to apply an animation to the item (not the container). The trick is to make all the elements at the same position and using the same animationthen with the delay we can have the needed result:

#container {
  width: 200px;
  height: 200px;
  margin: 40px auto;
  border: 1px solid #000;
  display:grid;
  grid-template-columns:30px;
  grid-template-rows:30px;
  place-content: center;
  border-radius: 50%;
}
.item {
  grid-area:1/1;
  line-height: 30px;
  text-align: center;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: #f00;
  animation: spin 12s var(--d,0s) linear infinite; /* duration = 12s, numbor of item = 6 so a delay of 12/6 = 2s */
  transform:rotate(0) translate(100px) rotate(0);
}
@keyframes spin {
  100% {
    transform:rotate(1turn) translate(100px) rotate(-1turn);
  }
}
<div id="container">
  <div class="item" style="--d:0s">1</div>
  <div class="item" style="--d:-2s">2</div>
  <div class="item" style="--d:-4s">3</div>
  <div class="item" style="--d:-6s">4</div>
  <div class="item" style="--d:-8s">5</div>
  <div class="item" style="--d:-10s">6</div>
</div>

We can easily scale to any number using some CSS variables:

#container {
  --n:7;   /* number of item */
  --d:12s; /* duration */

  width: 200px;
  height: 200px;
  margin: 40px auto;
  border: 1px solid #000;
  display:grid;
  grid-template-columns:30px;
  grid-template-rows:30px;
  place-content: center;
  border-radius: 50%;
}
.item {
  grid-area:1/1;
  line-height: 30px;
  text-align: center;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: #f00;
  animation: spin var(--d) linear infinite; 
  transform:rotate(0) translate(100px) rotate(0);
}
@keyframes spin {
  100% {
    transform:rotate(1turn) translate(100px) rotate(-1turn);
  }
}

.item:nth-child(1) {animation-delay:calc(-0*var(--d)/var(--n))}
.item:nth-child(2) {animation-delay:calc(-1*var(--d)/var(--n))}
.item:nth-child(3) {animation-delay:calc(-2*var(--d)/var(--n))}
.item:nth-child(4) {animation-delay:calc(-3*var(--d)/var(--n))}
.item:nth-child(5) {animation-delay:calc(-4*var(--d)/var(--n))}
.item:nth-child(6) {animation-delay:calc(-5*var(--d)/var(--n))}
.item:nth-child(7) {animation-delay:calc(-6*var(--d)/var(--n))}
.item:nth-child(8) {animation-delay:calc(-7*var(--d)/var(--n))}
.item:nth-child(9) {animation-delay:calc(-8*var(--d)/var(--n))}
/*.item:nth-child(N) {animation-delay:calc(-(N - 1)*var(--d)/var(--n))}*/
<div id="container">
  <div class="item">1</div>
  <div class="item">2</div>
  <div class="item">3</div>
  <div class="item">4</div>
  <div class="item">5</div>
  <div class="item">6</div>
  <div class="item">7</div>
</div>

<div id="container" style="--n:5;--d:5s">
  <div class="item">1</div>
  <div class="item">2</div>
  <div class="item">3</div>
  <div class="item">4</div>
  <div class="item">5</div>
</div>

<div id="container" style="--n:9">
  <div class="item">1</div>
  <div class="item">2</div>
  <div class="item">3</div>
  <div class="item">4</div>
  <div class="item">5</div>
  <div class="item">6</div>
  <div class="item">7</div>
  <div class="item">8</div>
  <div class="item">9</div>
</div>

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