macOS Catalina kernel panic while closing the Mac [duplicate]
I have an iMac late 2012 with 24GB or RAM and 3 USB disks connected to it, all running time machine in sequence.
After updating to catalina, every time I shutdown the system it takes ages to shutdown and then after reaching the shutdown state, sometimes the screen turns white again, as if it would start again and after a while the screen turns black again with a shutdown message at the middle, in several languages.
Then, if I start the system, I see this crash message:
panic(cpu 1 caller 0xffffff7fa6c96aae): watchdog timeout: no checkins from watchdogd in 184 seconds (97 totalcheckins since monitoring last enabled), shutdown in progress
Backtrace (CPU 1), Frame : Return Address
0xffffff82e0b13c40 : 0xffffff802553f98b
0xffffff82e0b13c90 : 0xffffff8025676c15
0xffffff82e0b13cd0 : 0xffffff802566861e
0xffffff82e0b13d20 : 0xffffff80254e6a40
0xffffff82e0b13d40 : 0xffffff802553f077
0xffffff82e0b13e40 : 0xffffff802553f45b
0xffffff82e0b13e90 : 0xffffff8025cd2e05
0xffffff82e0b13f00 : 0xffffff7fa6c96aae
0xffffff82e0b13f10 : 0xffffff7fa6c96472
0xffffff82e0b13f50 : 0xffffff7fa6cabfd6
0xffffff82e0b13fa0 : 0xffffff80254e613e
Kernel Extensions in backtrace:
com.apple.driver.watchdog(1.0)[58392D62-D9E8-3022-85C1-B78AC93B9167]@0xffffff7fa6c95000->0xffffff7fa6c9dfff
com.apple.driver.AppleSMC(3.1.9)[EB9D605D-85B1-3506-8B2E-ABD195817A4F]@0xffffff7fa6c9e000->0xffffff7fa6cbcfff
dependency: com.apple.iokit.IOACPIFamily(1.4)[9BA2613C-A129-3EDD-8DC1-2CFF6B62B832]@0xffffff7fa6c8c000
dependency: com.apple.driver.watchdog(1)[58392D62-D9E8-3022-85C1-B78AC93B9167]@0xffffff7fa6c95000
dependency: com.apple.iokit.IOPCIFamily(2.9)[E6E855AD-A5B2-3518-A997-1384B4360708]@0xffffff7fa5f2f000
BSD process name corresponding to current thread: kernel_task
Mac OS version:
19A583
Kernel version:
Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Wed Sep 25 20:18:50 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6153.11.26~2/RELEASE_X86_64
Kernel UUID: 70EDD61F-8D909B78160
Kernel slide: 0x0000000025200000
Kernel text base: 0xffffff8025400000
__HIB text base: 0xffffff8025300000
System model name: iMac13,2 (Mac-FC02E91DDD3FA6A4)
System shutdown begun: YES
Panic diags file available: NO (0xe00002cd)
System uptime in nanoseconds: 1201012930700
last loaded kext at 692174279981: @filesystems.msdosfs 1.10 (addr 0xffffff7fa9e1c000, size 69632)
last unloaded kext at 67316368087: >!AXsanScheme 3 (addr 0xffffff7fa89a7000, size 40960)
loaded kexts:
com.Cycling74.driver.Soundflower 2
@filesystems.msdosfs 1.10
>!A!BMultitouch 97
>AudioAUUC 1.70
>!AGraphicsDevicePolicy 4.1.46
@AGDCPluginDisplayMetrics 4.1.46
>!AHV 1
|IOUserEthernet 1.0.1
|IO!BSerialManager 7.0.0f8
>AGPM 111.1.18
>!APlatformEnabler 2.7.0d0
>X86PlatformShim 1.0.0
>pmtelemetry 1
>!AUpstreamUserClient 3.6.8
>!AHDAHardwareConfigDriver 283.14
>!AMikeyHIDDriver 131
@Dont_Steal_Mac_OS_X 7.0.0
@GeForce 14.0.0
>!A!IHD4000Graphics 14.0.0
>AGDCBacklightControl 4.1.46
>!AHDA 283.14
>eficheck 1
>!AMikeyDriver 283.14
>ACPI_SMC_PlatformPlugin 1.0.0
>!AThunderboltIP 3.1.3
>!ABacklight 170.18
>!ALPC 3.1
>!ASMCLMU 212
>!AFIVRDriver 4.1.0
>!A!ISlowAdaptiveClocking 4.0.0
>!A!IFramebufferCapri 14.0.0
@nvidia.NVDAStartup 14.0.0
>!AMCCSControl 1.12
@fileutil 20.036.15
@filesystems.autofs 3.0
>!AVirtIO 1.0
@filesystems.hfs.kext 522.0.9
@!AFSCompression.!AFSCompressionTypeDataless 1.0.0d1
@BootCache 40
@!AFSCompression.!AFSCompressionTypeZlib 1.0.0
@filesystems.apfs 1412.11.7
|!ABCM5701Ethernet 10.3.5
@private.KextAudit 1.0
>!ASDXC 1.7.7
>AirPort.Brcm4360 1400.1.1
>!AAHCIPort 341.0.2
>!AACPIButtons 6.1
>!ARTC 2.0
>!AHPET 1.8
>!ASMBIOS 2.1
>!AACPIEC 6.1
>!AAPIC 1.7
>!A!ICPUPowerManagementClient 222.0.0
$!AImage4 1
@nke.applicationfirewall 302
$TMSafetyNet 8
@!ASystemPolicy 2.0.0
>!A!ICPUPowerManagement 222.0.0
|EndpointSecurity 1
>usb.cdc.acm 5.0.0
>usb.serial 6.0.0
>usb.cdc.ecm 5.0.0
>usb.cdc.ncm 5.0.0
>usb.cdc 5.0.0
>!UMergeNub 900.4.2
>!AXsanScheme 3
>!A!BHIDKeyboard 209
>!AHIDKeyboard 209
>IO!BHIDDriver 7.0.0f8
>!AMultitouchDriver 3400.35
>!AInputDeviceSupport 3400.27
>!AGraphicsControl 4.1.46
|IOAVB!F 800.17
>!ASSE 1.0
@nvidia.driver.NVDAGK100Hal 14.0.0
@nvidia.driver.NVDAResman 14.0.0
>DspFuncLib 283.14
@kext.OSvKernDSPLib 529
>IOPlatformPluginLegacy 1.0.0
@!AGPUWrangler 4.1.46
>!ABacklightExpert 1.1.0
|IONDRVSupport 558.3
>!AHDA!C 283.14
|IOHDA!F 283.14
|IOAudio!F 300.2
>!ASMBusPCI 1.0.14d1
>X86PlatformPlugin 1.0.0
>IOPlatformPlugin!F 6.0.0d8
|IOSlowAdaptiveClocking!F 1.0.0
|IOAccelerator!F2 438.1.23
@!AGraphicsDeviceControl 4.1.46
>!AThunderboltEDMSink 4.2.0
>!ASMBus!C 1.0.18d1
|IOGraphics!F 558.3
@plugin.IOgPTPPlugin 800.14
@kext.triggers 1.0
>Core!S 551
|Broadcom!BHost!CUSBTransport 7.0.0f8
|IO!BHost!CUSBTransport 7.0.0f8
|IO!BHost!CTransport 7.0.0f8
|IO!B!F 7.0.0f8
|IO!BPacketLogger 7.0.0f8
>usb.IOUSBHostHIDDevice 1.2
@vecLib.kext 1.2.0
>usb.networking 5.0.0
>usb.!UHostCompositeDevice 1.2
>usb.!UHub 1.2
|IOSerial!F 11
@filesystems.hfs.encodings.kext 1
|IOSurface 269.6
>!AThunderboltDPOutAdapter 6.2.3
>!AThunderboltDPInAdapter 6.2.3
>!AThunderboltDPAdapter!F 6.2.3
>!AThunderboltPCIDownAdapter 2.5.2
>!AThunderboltNHI 5.5.8
|IOThunderbolt!F 7.4.5
|IOEthernetAVB!C 1.1.0
|IOAHCIBlock!S 316.0.5
|IO80211!F 1200.12.2b1
|IOSkywalk!F 1
>mDNSOffloadUserClient 1.0.1b8
>corecapture 1.0.4
|IOAHCI!F 290.0.1
>usb.!UEHCIPCI 1.2
>usb.!UEHCI 1.2
>usb.!UXHCIPCI 1.2
>usb.!UXHCI 1.2
>usb.!UHostPacketFilter 1.0
|IOUSB!F 900.4.2
>!AEFINVRAM 2.1
>!AEFIRuntime 2.1
|IOSMBus!F 1.1
|IOHID!F 2.0.0
$quarantine 4
$sandbox 300.0
@kext.!AMatch 1.0.0d1
>DiskImages 493.0.0
>!AFDEKeyStore 28.30
>!AEffaceable!S 1.0
>!AKeyStore 2
>!UTDM 489.11.2
|IOSCSIBlockCommandsDevice 422.0.2
>!ACredentialManager 1.0
>KernelRelayHost 1
>!ASEPManager 1.0.1
>IOSlaveProcessor 1
|IOUSBMass!SDriver 157.11.2
|IOSCSIArchitectureModel!F 422.0.2
|IO!S!F 2.1
|IOUSBHost!F 1.2
>!UHostMergeProperties 1.2
>usb.!UCommon 1.0
>!ABusPower!C 1.0
|CoreAnalytics!F 1
>!AMobileFileIntegrity 1.0.5
@kext.CoreTrust 1
|IOTimeSync!F 800.14
|IONetworking!F 3.4
|IOReport!F 47
>!AACPIPlatform 6.1
>!ASMC 3.1.9
>watchdog 1
|IOPCI!F 2.9
|IOACPI!F 1.4
@kec.pthread 1
@kec.corecrypto 1.0
@kec.Libm 1
It calls my attention this line @filesystems.msdosfs... MS DOS FILE SYSTEM???? WTF!
My ideas were to reset the SMC and try a safe boot. Neither addressed the issue, it persists.
What next steps might help me avoid the crash?
You can temporarily make things better by looking for this line:
com.apple.driver.AppleSMC(3.1.9)[EB9D605D-85B1-3506-8B2E-ABD195817A4F]@0xffffff7fa6c9e000->0xffffff7fa6cbcfff
My theory is SMC is sometimes slow or stuck. Here's the temporary workaround:
- Start shutdown procedure normally, it will take about 3 minutes until it crashes and reboots
- After it reboots, don't log in - press the shutdown button (on the bottom of screen) instead. This time, it will shutdown normally.
- Do the SMC reset procedure described here by Apple
So far, I've tested this (and it worked) on my 2019 MacBook Pro and my friend's 2015 MacBook Pro. It doesn’t cure the gap, but the reset brings stability for a while. If this is intermittent, consider it a warning your hardware is aging and needs a repair / Apple detailed diagnostics and not just the built in hardware test that ships with each Mac.
I finally solved this issue on my M1 and Intel Macs.
It was caused by certain apps installed with home-brew, and interaction with the kernel.
Details here.
TLDR: Running gem installed by brew causes a KP on reboot.
I removed Ruby from my Path, and removed it from powerlevel10k.
Immediately resolved the issue.
Why is gem causing this?
Update: I can consistently reproduce it using a number of ways using various apps, and it's weird. All of these apps are installed via home-brew -
-
Using ruby and then gem installed via home-brew, i.e. executing /opt/homebrew/opt/ruby/bin/ruby, then /opt/homebrew/opt/ruby/bin/gem, then rebooting - see KP.
-
Executing "thef*ck" (https://github.com/nvbn/thef*ck) - see KP.
-
Executing "pip3 list" installed via homebrew, i.e. "/opt/homebrew/bin/pip3 list" - see KP.
UPDATE2 - SOLUTION My replication steps only work when my terminal emulator (iTerm/Terminal) was in added in "Developer Tools" section of Security & Privacy settings in macOS.
Removed them and I could not longer replicate.
This looks to be a bug in codesign/watchdogd/adhoc signatures. Where you remove the terminal from dev tools, you can see the signature check is performed and all is well.
If you have terminal in the "developer tools" category, certain tools (like the ones I describe in my post, ruby/pip), cause the OS to panic on reboot, as something ends up hanging.
Described further here: https://sigpipe.macromates.com/2020/macos-catalina-slow-by-design/
I also had this kernel panic on two identical devices running 10.15.5 and it drove me mad.
So I just did a couple of hours of trial and error and kextload und kextunload, plugging and unplugging and about three dozen reboots and I got this thing reproducable. Kicker is this: At least in my case it is only triggered when
a) an external display is connected via USBc->HDMI
b) the MBP is in clamshell mode
None of the kexts had any influence surprisingly. It will not panic in any other combination (i.e. an external display is connected but the lid is not shut).
It looks to me like the unload of >usb.!UHostPacketFilter triggers the crash because it is the only display but it must not be running when no display is connected and the lid is closed.
panic(cpu 0 caller 0xffffff7fa1c04b81): "[IGPU] sendHostToGucMessage: Firmware communication error: no action response!\n"@icl/sched3/IGGuC.cpp:3599
Backtrace (CPU 0), Frame : Return Address
0xffffffa3f0b8b350 : 0xffffff801d9215cd
0xffffffa3f0b8b3a0 : 0xffffff801da5a405
0xffffffa3f0b8b3e0 : 0xffffff801da4bf8e
0xffffffa3f0b8b430 : 0xffffff801d8c7a40
0xffffffa3f0b8b450 : 0xffffff801d920c97
0xffffffa3f0b8b550 : 0xffffff801d921087
0xffffffa3f0b8b5a0 : 0xffffff801e0c2d8c
0xffffffa3f0b8b610 : 0xffffff7fa1c04b81
0xffffffa3f0b8b650 : 0xffffff7fa1b8e521
0xffffffa3f0b8b680 : 0xffffff7fa1b8c7b9
0xffffffa3f0b8b6b0 : 0xffffff7fa1b8ec14
0xffffffa3f0b8b710 : 0xffffff7fa1b8f793
0xffffffa3f0b8b750 : 0xffffff7fa1c04b1c
0xffffffa3f0b8b790 : 0xffffff7fa1b8e521
0xffffffa3f0b8b7c0 : 0xffffff7fa1b8c826
0xffffffa3f0b8b7f0 : 0xffffff7fa1b8eba4
0xffffffa3f0b8b850 : 0xffffff7fa1b99d20
0xffffffa3f0b8b870 : 0xffffff7fa157f88c
0xffffffa3f0b8b8b0 : 0xffffff7fa15c56fd
0xffffffa3f0b8b8f0 : 0xffffff7fa1516d68
0xffffffa3f0b8ba30 : 0xffffff7fa1501e16
0xffffffa3f0b8bac0 : 0xffffff7fa150940f
0xffffffa3f0b8bb60 : 0xffffff801e0021df
0xffffffa3f0b8bbd0 : 0xffffff801e09630f
0xffffffa3f0b8bc30 : 0xffffff801e0029c9
0xffffffa3f0b8bc80 : 0xffffff801e0958c9
0xffffffa3f0b8bd40 : 0xffffff801de82866
0xffffffa3f0b8be00 : 0xffffff801de9cf19
0xffffffa3f0b8bf40 : 0xffffff801df87707
0xffffffa3f0b8bfa0 : 0xffffff801d8c8206
Kernel Extensions in backtrace:
com.apple.iokit.IOGraphicsFamily(575.1)[2EDEB7A5-F163-3BBA-B3EE-E508E6A1A920]@0xffffff7fa14f8000->0xffffff7fa1548fff
dependency: com.apple.iokit.IOPCIFamily(2.9)[6F96761B-C218-30A8-BECC-1EAD32E53D47]@0xffffff7f9e311000
com.apple.iokit.IOAcceleratorFamily2(438.4.5)[108DA6E8-6995-3986-9CA9-B73150768244]@0xffffff7fa157e000->0xffffff7fa1641fff
dependency: com.apple.driver.AppleMobileFileIntegrity(1.0.5)[64DD6A97-6E35-3BF4-AA75-46EFC42F574B]@0xffffff7f9ea2e000
dependency: com.apple.iokit.IOPCIFamily(2.9)[6F96761B-C218-30A8-BECC-1EAD32E53D47]@0xffffff7f9e311000
dependency: com.apple.iokit.IOSurface(269.11)[EE3C1ABC-E424-3EBE-B1D6-913048CE7EA1]@0xffffff7f9fe78000
dependency: com.apple.iokit.IOGraphicsFamily(575.1)[2EDEB7A5-F163-3BBA-B3EE-E508E6A1A920]@0xffffff7fa14f8000
dependency: com.apple.iokit.IOReportFamily(47)[28F06131-E9AB-3980-9175-6B4EAB4326EE]@0xffffff7f9e249000
com.apple.driver.AppleIntelICLGraphics(14.0.5)[A2D58B1A-D6F2-3A51-B159-9AED33F36FC1]@0xffffff7fa1b76000->0xffffff7fa1cb3fff
dependency: com.apple.iokit.IOPCIFamily(2.9)[6F96761B-C218-30A8-BECC-1EAD32E53D47]@0xffffff7f9e311000
dependency: com.apple.iokit.IOSurface(269.11)[EE3C1ABC-E424-3EBE-B1D6-913048CE7EA1]@0xffffff7f9fe78000
dependency: com.apple.iokit.IOGraphicsFamily(575.1)[2EDEB7A5-F163-3BBA-B3EE-E508E6A1A920]@0xffffff7fa14f8000
dependency: com.apple.iokit.IOAcceleratorFamily2(438.4.5)[108DA6E8-6995-3986-9CA9-B73150768244]@0xffffff7fa157e000
BSD process name corresponding to current thread: launchd
Boot args: chunklist-security-epoch=0 -chunklist-no-rev2-dev
Mac OS version:
19E2269
Kernel version:
Darwin Kernel Version 19.4.0: Wed Mar 4 22:47:48 PST 2020; root:xnu-6153.101.6~16/RELEASE_X86_64
Kernel UUID: 7559A1A8-B300-3BC5-900F-5ED91F3197C7
Kernel slide: 0x000000001d600000
Kernel text base: 0xffffff801d800000
__HIB text base: 0xffffff801d700000
System model name: MacBookPro16,2 (Mac-5F9802EFE386AA28)
System shutdown begun: YES
System uptime in nanoseconds: 21814331773601
last loaded kext at 115722074408: @filesystems.smbfs 3.4.2 (addr 0xffffff7fa1d79000, size 450560)
last unloaded kext at 196519170346: >usb.!UHostPacketFilter 1.0 (addr 0xffffff7fa01e4000, size 24576)
loaded kexts:
jp.co.yamaha.driver.YamahaSteinbergUSBAudio 2.0.3
net.sf.tuntaposx.tap 1.0
net.sf.tuntaposx.tun 1.0
@filesystems.smbfs 3.4.2
>!A!BMultitouch 97
>!AGraphicsDevicePolicy 5.1.16
@AGDCPluginDisplayMetrics 5.1.16
@fileutil 20.036.15
>!AHV 1
|IOUserEthernet 1.0.1
|IO!BSerialManager 7.0.4f6
>!AUpstreamUserClient 3.6.8
>!APlatformEnabler 2.7.0d0
>AGPM 111.4.4
>X86PlatformShim 1.0.0
>pmtelemetry 1
>!A!IICLGraphics 14.0.5
@Dont_Steal_Mac_OS_X 7.0.0
>AudioAUUC 1.70
>BridgeAudioCommunication 6.70.3
>!ABacklight 180.3
>!AThunderboltIP 3.1.4
>!ABridgeAudio!C 6.70.3
>!AGFXHDA 100.1.426
>!ATopCaseHIDEventDriver 3430.1
>!AHIDALSService 1
>!A!IICLLPGraphicsFramebuffer 14.0.5
>!A!ISlowAdaptiveClocking 4.0.0
>!AAVEBridge 6.1
>!A!IPCHPMC 2.0.1
>!AMCCSControl 1.11
@filesystems.autofs 3.0
@filesystems.apfs 1412.101.1
>BCMWLANFirmware4355.Hashstore 1
>BCMWLANFirmware4364.Hashstore 1
>BCMWLANFirmware4377.Hashstore 1
>!ABCMWLANBusInterfacePCIe 1
@filesystems.hfs.kext 522.100.5
@BootCache 40
@!AFSCompression.!AFSCompressionTypeDataless 1.0.0d1
@!AFSCompression.!AFSCompressionTypeZlib 1.0.0
>!AVirtIO 1.0
@private.KextAudit 1.0
>!ASmartBatteryManager 161.0.0
>!AACPIButtons 6.1
>!ASMBIOS 2.1
>!AACPIEC 6.1
>!AAPIC 1.7
$!AImage4 1
@nke.applicationfirewall 303
$TMSafetyNet 8
@!ASystemPolicy 2.0.0
|EndpointSecurity 1
>!A!BHIDKeyboard 209
>!AGraphicsControl 5.1.16
|IOAVB!F 840.3
>!ASSE 1.0
@!AGPUWrangler 5.1.16
>!ABacklightExpert 1.1.0
>!AHIDKeyboard 209
>!AActuatorDriver 3440.1
|IO!BHost!CUARTTransport 7.0.4f6
|IO!BHost!CTransport 7.0.4f6
>!A!ILpssUARTv1 3.0.60
>!A!ILpssUARTCommon 3.0.60
>!AOnboardSerial 1.0
>!UAudio 322.2
>X86PlatformPlugin 1.0.0
@plugin.IOgPTPPlugin 840.3
|IOEthernetAVB!C 1.1.0
|IONDRVSupport 575.1
>!AHS!BDriver 3430.1
>IO!BHIDDriver 7.0.4f6
>!AMultitouchDriver 3440.1
>!AInputDeviceSupport 3440.8
@!AGraphicsDeviceControl 5.1.16
|IOAccelerator!F2 438.4.5
|IOSlowAdaptiveClocking!F 1.0.0
>IOPlatformPlugin!F 6.0.0d8
>!ASMBus!C 1.0.18d1
|IOGraphics!F 575.1
@kext.triggers 1.0
>usb.cdc.ncm 5.0.0
>usb.!UHub 1.2
>usb.cdc 5.0.0
>usb.networking 5.0.0
>usb.!UHostCompositeDevice 1.2
>usb.!UVHCIBCE 1.2
>usb.!UVHCI 1.2
>usb.!UVHCICommonBCE 1.0
>usb.!UVHCICommon 1.0
>!AEffaceableNOR 1.0
|IOBufferCopy!C 1.1.0
|IOBufferCopyEngine!F 1
|IONVMe!F 2.1.0
>!ABCMWLANCore 1.0.0
>mDNSOffloadUserClient 1.0.1b8
>IOImageLoader 1.0.0
|IO80211!FV2 1200.12.2b1
>corecapture 1.0.4
|IOSkywalk!F 1
>!AThunderboltPCIDownAdapter 2.5.4
>!AThunderboltDPInAdapter 6.2.6
>!AThunderboltDPAdapter!F 6.2.6
>!AHPM 3.4.4
>!A!ILpssI2C!C 3.0.60
>!A!ILpssDmac 3.0.60
>!A!ILpssI2C 3.0.60
>!AThunderboltNHI 5.8.6
|IOThunderbolt!F 7.6.0
>usb.!UXHCIPCI 1.2
>usb.!UXHCI 1.2
|IOSurface 269.11
@filesystems.hfs.encodings.kext 1
|IOAudio!F 300.2
@vecLib.kext 1.2.0
|IOSerial!F 11
|IOUSB!F 900.4.2
>!AEFINVRAM 2.1
>!AEFIRuntime 2.1
>!ASMCRTC 1.0
|IOSMBus!F 1.1
|IOHID!F 2.0.0
$quarantine 4
$sandbox 300.0
@kext.!AMatch 1.0.0d1
>!AKeyStore 2
>!UTDM 489.101.1
|IOSCSIBlockCommandsDevice 422.101.1
>!ACredentialManager 1.0
>KernelRelayHost 1
>!ASEPManager 1.0.1
>IOSlaveProcessor 1
>!AFDEKeyStore 28.30
>!AEffaceable!S 1.0
>!AMobileFileIntegrity 1.0.5
@kext.CoreTrust 1
|CoreAnalytics!F 1
|IOTimeSync!F 840.3
|IONetworking!F 3.4
>DiskImages 493.0.0
|IO!B!F 7.0.4f6
|IO!BPacketLogger 7.0.4f6
|IOUSBMass!SDriver 157.101.3
|IOSCSIArchitectureModel!F 422.101.1
|IO!S!F 2.1
|IOUSBHost!F 1.2
>usb.!UCommon 1.0
>!UHostMergeProperties 1.2
>!ABusPower!C 1.0
|IOReport!F 47
>!AACPIPlatform 6.1
>!ASMC 3.1.9
>watchdog 1
|IOPCI!F 2.9
|IOACPI!F 1.4
@kec.pthread 1
@kec.corecrypto 1.0
@kec.Libm 1