As of iOS 13, what filetypes does Safari's Download Manager support?
As of iOS 13, Safari now includes its own built-in Download Manager; the idea is that for supported filetypes, a user can simply tap on a link from within a web page and Safari will offer to either open the file (essentially mirroring its old behaviour in pre-iOS 13 builds), or download the file to a location of the user's choice which can be changed from within Settings/Safari.
What isn't clear, however, is which filetypes the Download Manager supports. As an example, I've seen a reference to Safari being able to download MP3 files (https://www.cultofmac.com/629362/safari-download-manager-ios-13/), but in my own testing as of iOS 13.2.3, tapping on a link to an MP3 file simply opens it - as was the case in iOS 12.
So, my question - is there a definitive list of filetypes that Safari will offer to download when tapped?
There’s no definitive list of file types which download automatically, since it’s not based on file type but rather the server providing the content. Safari supports every file type if the server is set up to provide a download.
You can force a download of a link to a resource rather than opening the link by holding down on the link and choosing Download Linked File.