Knitr & Rmarkdown docx tables

Solution 1:

This is essentially a combination of the answer that recommends TableNormal, this post on rmarkdown.rstudio.com and my own experiments to show how to use a TableNormal style to customize tables like those generated by kable:

RMD:

---
output:
  word_document
---

```{r}
knitr::kable(cars)
```

• Click "Knit Word" in RStudio. → The document opens in Word, without any custom styles yet.
• In that document (not in a new document), add the required styles. This article explains the basics. Key is not to apply direct styles but to modify the styles. See this article on support.office.com on Style basics in Word.
• Specifically, to style a table you need to add a table style. My version of Word is non-English, but according to the article linked above table styles are available via "the Design tab, on the Table Tools contextual tab".
• Choose TableNormal as style name and define the desired styles. In my experiments most styles worked, however some did not. (Adding a color to the first column and making the first row bold was no problem; highlighting every second row was ignored.) The last screenshot in this answer illustrates this step.
• Save the document, e.g. as styles.docx.

• Modify the header in the RMD file to use the reference DOCX (see here; don't screw up the indentation – took me 10 minutes find this mistake):

  ---
  output:
    word_document:
      reference_docx: styles.docx
  ---
  

• Knit to DOCX again – the style should now be applied.

Following the steps I described above yields this output:

And here a screenshot of the table style dialog used to define TableNormal. Unfortunately it is in German, but maybe someone can provide an English version of it:

As this does not seem to work for most users (anyone but me …), I suggest we test this systematically. Essentially, there are 4 steps that can go wrong:

• Wrong RMD (unlikely).
• Differences in the initially generated DOCX.
• Differences in how the TableNormal style is saved in the DOCX.
• Differences in how the reference DOCX is used to format the final DOCX.

I therefore suggest using the same minimal RMD posted above (full code on pastebin) to find out where the results start do differ:

• My initially generated DOCX.
• The same document with TableNormal added: reference.docx
• The final document.

The three files are generated on the following system: Windows 7 / R 3.3.0 / RStudio 0.99.896 / pandoc 1.15.2 / Office 2010.

I get the same results on a system with Windows 7 / R 3.2.4 / RStudio 0.99.484 / pandoc 1.13.1 / Office 2010.

I suppose the most likely culprits are the pandoc and the Office versions. Unfortunately, I cannot test other configurations at the moment. Now it would be interesting to see the following: For users where it does not work, what happens …

• … if you start from my initial.docx?
• If that does not work, what if you use my reference.docx as reference document?
• If nothing works, are there eye-catching differences in the generated XML files (inside the DOCX container)? Please share your files and exact version information.

With a number of users running these tests it should be possible to find out what is causing the problems.

Solution 2:

This was actually a known issue. Fortunately, it was solved in v2.0 or later releases of pandoc.

And I have tested the newer version, and found that there is a newly-added hidden style called "Table". Following @CL.'s suggestions to change "Table" style in reference.docx will be okay now.

In addition, look at this entry of pandoc's v2.0 release notes:

Use Table rather than Table Normal for table style (#3275). Table Normal is the default table style and can’t be modified.

Solution 3:

As of 2021, I could not get any of the other suggested answers to work.

However, I did discover the {officedown} package, which, amongst other things, supports the styling of tables in .docx documents. You can install {officedown} with remotes::install_github("davidgohel/officedown")

To use {officedown} to render .Rmd to .docx you must replace

output:
  word_document

in your document header with

output:
  officedown::rdocx_document

In addition to this the {officedown} package must be loaded in your .Rmd.

As with the word_document output format, {officedown} allows us to use styles and settings from template documents, again with the reference_docx parameter.

With a reference document styles.docx, a minimal example .Rmd may look like:

---
date: "2038-01-19"
author: "The Reasonabilists"
title: "The end of time as we know it"
output: 
  officedown::rdocx_document:
    reference_docx: styles.docx
---

```{r setup, include = FALSE}
# Don't forget about me: I'm important!
library("officedown")
```

{officedown} allows us to go one step further and specify the name of the table style to use in the document's front matter. This table style could be a custom style we created in styles.docx, or it could be one of Word's in-built styles you prefer.

Let's say we created a style My Table:

We could tell {officedown} to use this table style in our front matter as:

output: 
  officedown::rdocx_document:
    reference_docx: styles.docx
    tables:
      style: My Table

Putting this altogether, knitting the minimal .Rmd:

---
date: "2038-01-19"
author: "The Reasonabilists"
title: "The end of time as we know it"
output: 
  officedown::rdocx_document:
    reference_docx: styles.docx
    tables:
      style: My Table
---

```{r setup, include = FALSE}
# Don't forget about me: I'm important!
library(officedown)
```

```{r}
head(mtcars)
```

Resulting in a .docx document which looks like:

Solution 4:

TableNormal doesn't work for me too.

On my Dutch version of Word 2016 (Office 365), I found out that I could markup tables with the style Compact.

Input (refdoc.docx contains the Compact style):

---
title: "Titel"
subtitle:  "Ondertitel"
author: "`r Sys.getenv('USERNAME')`"
output:
  word_document:
    toc: true
    toc_depth: 2
    fig_width: 6.5
    fig_height: 3.5
    fig_caption: true
    reference_docx: "refdoc.docx"
---

And RMarkdown:

# Methoden {#methoden}
```{r}
kable(cars)
```

Output:

Solution 5:

You need to have a reference_docx: style.docx which has "Table" style in it. (see @Liang Zhang's explanation and links above).

1. Create a basis reference document using pandoc (source). In command line (or cmd.exe on Windows) run: pandoc -o custom-reference.docx --print-default-data-file reference.docx
2. In this newly created reference.docx file, find the table created (a basic 1 row table with a caption).
3. While the table is selected, click "Table Design" and find "Modify Table Style":

4. Modify the style of the table as you wish and use this reference document in your RMD document (see the first answer by @CL.).

Using this reference document, you can also change the table and figure caption styles.