How to replace Django's primary key with a different integer that is unique for that table

Solution 1:

The Idea

I would recommend to you the same approach that is used by Instagram. Their requirements seems to closely follow yours.

Generated IDs should be sortable by time (so a list of photo IDs, for example, could be sorted without fetching more information about the photos) IDs should ideally be 64 bits (for smaller indexes, and better storage in systems like Redis) The system should introduce as few new ‘moving parts’ as possible—a large part of how we’ve been able to scale Instagram with very few engineers is by choosing simple, easy-to-understand solutions that we trust.

They came up with a system that has 41 bits based on the timestamp, 13 o the database shard and 10 for an auto increment portion. Sincce you don't appear to be using shards. You can just have 41 bits for a time based copmonent and 23 bits chosen at random. That does produce an extremely unlikely 1 in 8.3 million chance of getting a conflict if you insert records at the same time. But in practice you are never likely to hit this. Right so how about some code:

Generating IDs

START_TIME = a constant that represents a unix timestamp

def make_id():
    '''
    inspired by http://instagram-engineering.tumblr.com/post/10853187575/sharding-ids-at-instagram
        '''
    
    t = int(time.time()*1000) - START_TIME
    u = random.SystemRandom().getrandbits(23)
    id = (t << 23 ) | u
    
    return id


def reverse_id(id):
    t  = id >> 23
    return t + START_TIME 

Note, START_TIME in the above code is some arbitary starting time. You can use time.time()*1000 , get the value and set that as START_TIME

Notice that the reverse_id method I have posted allows you to find out at which time the record was created. If you need to keep track of that information you can do so without having to add another field for it! So your primary key is actually saving your storage rather than increasing it!

The Model

Now this is what your model would look like.

class MyClass(models.Model):
   id = models.BigIntegerField(default = fields.make_id, primary_key=True)  

If you make changes to your database outside django you would need to create the equivalent of make_id as an sql function

As a foot note. This is somewhat like the approach used by Mongodb to generate it's _ID for each object.

Solution 2:

You need to separate two concerns:

1. The primary key, currently an auto-incrementing integer, is the best choice for a simple, relatively predictable unique identifier that can be enforced on the database level.

2. That does not mean you have to expose it to users in your URLs.

I'd recommend adding a new UUID field to your model, and remapping your views to use it, instead of the PK, for object lookups.