Phrase for words like "heart rate", "blood pressure", "sweat", etc
From my medical training these are called physiological signs and symptoms.
Signs are body responses which can be detected by a medically trained person e.g. Blood pressure
Symptoms are such responses which can be detected by anyone e.g. Sweating, flushing.
A person’s vitals (vital signs).
vital signs
noun
clinical measurements, specifically pulse rate, temperature, respiration rate, and blood pressure, that indicate the state of a patient's essential body functions