Symbolic Links to an Existing Folder
Solution 1:
Unfortunately, that's not how symlinks work.
Symlinks don't take two separate objects and turn them into one link. Rather they take one object and turn them into two separate links.
In your case, you need to turn the arrows the other way.
XP: Dropbox -> c:\Dev
OSX: Dropbox -> ~/Dev
That turn the Dropbox into the target of the symlink. So any changes you do to those files are really changes to the Dropbox files.
If you want the arrows the original way, then symlinks aren't the tool. You'll need a folder merging tool that takes your local machine changes and merges them into the Dropbox folder. That is more complicated and if they are source files, then I highly recommend you go with a Version Control Tool like Git or Mercurial.