Mysterious apps with strange names and no Icons showing up on my iPhone

Solution 1:

In my case they were webpages that I had added to home screen from Safari

Reference: Apple Discussions

Solution 2:

Those aren’t worrisome to me and just indicate you had an iCloud backup that has an application that cannot be resorted from the could. (Or just that the exception / preference elected for that missing app is showing in the settings app in your case.)

Those long identifiers just are the behind the scenes value assigned to the application when the developer made a request to Apple to make a new app. You normally see the localized name of the application once it downloads, but apparently Apple doesn’t save the app name in iCloud backups - just the identifier so that’s what’s left to display.

You can remove those apps from iCloud data or see if you have the applications on a computer backup to re-transfer them back if needed.

I would consider this a bug that Apple might choose to patch, and not something you have a functional defect - just remove the permissions if you are worried. Worst case, the app comes back and you have to re-grant those permissions once you know which app actually needs those permissions.