Queue multiple attacks with fleet works but landing army cannot queue multiple planet invasions
Solution 1:
There are a couple explanations for why this is the case, the most obvious being "it hasn't been fixed yet." When the army lands, the queue gets interrupted because they change from being a transport ship into a planet garrison. Automatic re-embarking and following the queue just isn't coded in the game.
Likely this (lack of a) feature is a holdover from previous versions of the game. Assaulting any planet without bombardment used to be suicide unless you had overwhelming numbers so chain landings didn't happen as often. Since the need wasn't there, the ability to queue up transports for multiple planets wasn't a priority.
I agree that this is frustrating though and fixing transport ship queues would be a quality of life improvement.