"Listen to them not"

One of my favorite movies is Hocus Pocus with Bette Midler.

One of the lines in the movie is "Listen to them not!" Said by one of the townsfolk in the beginning when they were being hanged.

Is this an example of an anastrophe?

The terms aren't inverted from "Do not listen to them" in fact, 'do' is omitted completely.

Is there another term that would suit what is happening in this sentence? Or similar sentences?

Solution 1:

An anastrophe is defined as such:

a figure of speech in which a language's natural word order is inverted: for example, saying "smart you are" to mean "you are smart".

The phrase "Listen to them not!" doesn't strictly invert the normal way of saying this, which you note:

Do not listen to them.

My guess is that the speaker is simply trying to negate a previous order to listen while keeping the sentence as close to the original as possible:

Listen to them!

Listen to them not!

If this is indeed its intent, it would more accurately be called an ironic echo which is when someone turns around an earlier phrase as a Take That.

Solution 2:

If not is indeed an adverb, it can go on either side of the verb.

It's a sentence structure that is less common in modern times. I dare say the script writers were trying to make the speech sound "period appropriate" by using that word order. (EDIT: but as FumbleFingers pointed out, they messed it up a little). They should probably have used something like: "Listen not to them." Which could go on like: "They know not of what they speak".

Search some Shakespeare for more examples

As for omitting the word do, consider that you can equally "listen not" as "do not" or "care not". Also you can "not do", "not listen" and "not care".

Solution 3:

This sounds like it could be best described as a modified form of Shakespearean dialect, which is not necessarily an etemology but more stylistic.

Here is an interesting link to some interesting information on Shakespearean dialect:

Shakespeare