What do you call a number that is a power of 2?

Solution 1:

A "power of two" seems like a good name.

Although 'exponent' has been suggested, it is not correct

The relationship is quite simple, though:

3 is the exponent which generates the power of two   8       (2³ = 8)

12 is the exponent which generates the power of two 4096  (2¹² = 4096)

Solution 2:

In programming, especially graphics programming (textures), powers of two are sometimes referred to as POT, and non-powers of two as NPOT.

But obviously the word "pot" has strong connotations, and so this term can be used only in such a context unambiguously. Anywhere else, "power of two" is a much better choice.