Can we approximate a.e. invertible matrices with everywhere invertible matrices in $L^2$ sense?
Let $\mathbb{D}^n=\{ x \in \mathbb{R}^n \, | \, |x| \le 1\}$ be the closed unit ball, and let $A:\mathbb{D}^n \to \mathbb{R}^{n^2}$ be real-analytic on the interior $(\mathbb{D}^n)^o$ and smooth on the entire closed ball $\mathbb{D}^n$. Suppose that $n \ge 2$, and that $\det A >0$ a.e. on $\mathbb{D}^n$.
Are there smooth maps $A_k: \mathbb{D}^n \to \mathbb{R}^{n^2}$, such that $A_k \to A$ in $L^2(\mathbb{D}^n , \mathbb{R}^{n^2})$ and $\det A_k >0$ everywhere on $\mathbb{D}^n$?
Edit:
In Vogel's elegant answer, it is proved that we can approximate $A$ via continuous maps. Can we approximate it with smooth maps?
I think the answer should be positive, but I am having trouble with the details:
Using mollifiers, we can approximate any continuous $A_k \in L^2(\mathbb{D}^n , \mathbb{R}^{n^2})$ with a smooth version $\tilde A_k$ in such a way to ensure that $\tilde A_k$ will converge to $A_k$ uniformly on compact subsets of $(\mathbb{D}^n)^o$. Since $$s_k=\min_{x \in \mathbb{D}^n}\text{dist}(A_k(x), {\det}^{-1}(0))>0,$$ then if $\| \tilde A_k(y) -A_k(y)\| < s_k$ we have $\det(\tilde A_k(y))>0$ as we wanted. The problem is that we only have uniform convergence $\tilde A_k \to A_k$ on compact subsets of the interior of $\mathbb{D}^n$, so I think we might have a problem on the boundary...
Any ideas about how to finish this reduction?
Apply Vitali’s covering theorem to get a sequence of disjoint closed balls $B_n\subset\{x|det A(x)>0\}$ that cover everything but a null set. We will take $A_k$ to be equal to the identity matrix outside $B_1,\cdots,B_k.$ Inside each ball $B_n=B(x_n,r_n)$ with $n\leq k$ define $A_k$ by:
- $A_k(x_n+tr_ny)=A(x_n+g(t)r_ny)$ for $0\leq t\leq 1-1/4k$ and unit vectors $y,$ where $g(0)=g(1-1/4k)=0$ and $g(1-1/2k)=1-1/2k,$ with linear interpolation between these points
- $A_k(x_n+tr_ny)=\gamma_n(4k(t-1+1/4k))$ for $1-1/4k\leq t\leq 1$ and unit vectors $y,$ where $\gamma_n$ is a choice of path from $A(x_n)$ to the identity matrix
This should be continuous and give $A_k\to A$ in measure, which easily implies $L^2$ convergence since everything is bounded.