What is the verb X if X relates to "prerequisite" as the verb "require" relates to "requirement"?

Unfortunately, "require" is to "prerequisite" as "require" is to "requirement", since a prerequisite is essentially a requirement.

However, you should name a function for what it does, not for what parameters it takes. If you prefer long function names, ensure_prerequisite_is_met() would do; if you like them shorter, check_prereq().

I was thinking about a similar word in a different context and the word I was looking for was "presuppose," as in, "being a doctor presupposes having a medical degree".

Google says that "presuppose" means:

(of an action, process, or argument) require as a precondition of possibility or coherence.

A prerequisite means something that is required beforehand, and there is no single verb to express that. You would have to specify both require and when it should be required, for example RequireBeforeInstallation, or use EnsureRequirementsBeforeInstallation.