Blocked Pokemon Go on Android 6
Solution 1:
You need an internet connection to play Pokemon GO. A SIM card gives you easier access via mobile data, but it's not needed. You can also use Wifi or connect to another phone's mobile data with mobile hotspot. Not having a SIM card will not cause this issue, but not having an internet connection will. I recently got to that screen on a phone without a SIM card and proceeded without issues.
Have you tried restarting the Pokemon GO app and reloading it? The app getting frozen or stuck in certain parts of the game is a very common issue, and this regularly solves it.
Solution 2:
This question was answered in the comments: Pokemon GO does not support rooted/jailbroken devices.