How to download only the latest file from SFTP server with Paramiko?

Use the SFTPClient.listdir_attr instead of the SFTPClient.listdir to get listing with attributes (including the file timestamp).

Then, find a file entry with the greatest .st_mtime attribute.

The code would be like:

latest = 0
latestfile = None

for fileattr in sftp.listdir_attr():
    if fileattr.filename.startswith('Temat') and fileattr.st_mtime > latest:
        latest = fileattr.st_mtime
        latestfile = fileattr.filename

if latestfile is not None:
    sftp.get(latestfile, latestfile)

For a more complex example, see How to get the latest folder that contains a specific file of interest in Linux and download that file using Paramiko in Python?

import paramiko
remote_path = '/tmp'

ssh_client = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh_client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
ssh_client.connect(hostname=<IP>, username=<USER>, password=<PW>,allow_agent=False)
sftp_client = ssh_client.open_sftp()

sftp_client.chdir(remote_path)
for f in sorted(sftp_client.listdir_attr(), key=lambda k: k.st_mtime, reverse=True):
    sftp_client.get(f.filename, f.filename)
    break

sftp_client.close()
ssh_client.close()

This will connect to the remote server (IP) using password (PW) as user (USER) & downloads the latest file available under <remote_path>