Macbook pro late 2016 USB-C Stop working after sleep

The first things I'd try is resetting both the NVRAM and SMC.

Before following the steps below, ensure you have no external hardware connected and that you're using the built-in keyboard.

Resetting the NVRAM on Late-2016 MacBook Pro models

Older Macs had what's called Parameter RAM (PRAM), newer Macs use Non-Volatile Random-Access Memory (NVRAM). To reset the NVRAM on all Late-2016 MacBook Pro models (with and without Touch Bar) follow these steps:

1. Shut down your machine. Yes, a full shut down, not just logging out.
2. Press the power button and then immediately press the commandoptionpr keys.
3. Keep these keys pressed down for at least 20 seconds!
4. Let go of the keys and let your Mac reboot normally.

Note 1: When you log back in you may need to readjust some of your system preferences (e.g. speaker volume, screen resolution, startup disk selection, time zone information, etc).

Note 2: These steps will also work to reset the NVRAM (or PRAM) for all Macs. However, the late-2016 and 2017 MBP models actually required the commandoptionpr keys to be held down for 20 seconds, while earlier Macs did not require this, but doing so does not cause any problems either.

Reset the SMC

There's a couple of ways you can reset the SMC on your MBP, however I prefer the following steps:

1. Shut down your MBP
2. Keep the power cable plugged in
3. Press at the same time shiftoptioncontrol (on the left side of the keyboard) and the power button
4. Let go
5. Turn your computer back on with the power button

After resetting both the NVRAM and SMC, use your MBP to determine if the problem still occurs. Let me know how you go.

There is no misbehavior on the part of the MBP; resetting SMC etc will not address this problem.

When the MBP goes to sleep, the ports are powered off and communication stops as intended. When the computer wakes, RealTek ethernet chips are powered back on, but they do not resume communication. My work gave me an unbranded usb-c to ethernet adapter which uses a RealTek chip according to System Information > USB. If the computer sleeps, I can't get the connection back without unplugging the adapter, like you described.

However, when I use a Lindy #43164 adapter (which uses an ASIX chip), my connection is fine after sleeping. If you are quite annoyed by this problem, I would recommend buying this adapter, or another which does not use a RealTek chip. (Sadly, RealTek chips are very common.) One downside of the Lindy is that it requires a driver.

This has been my experience on 2017 and 2018 15" MBPs running High Sierra and Mojave.

The USB drives on the Macbook don't support "Charge While Sleeping" feature. I've tested this out by leaving my iPhone charged while the Mac is on and then when I put it to sleep it turns the power off.

Some Windows laptops support this but Apple hasn't as of yet. Maybe in the future. This is why you are having issues with your adapters. You can't force the USB-C ports to charge while sleep, that is a BIOS feature that is often built into the motherboard.