Why $\mathbb{C}(f(t),g(t))=\mathbb{C}(t)$ implies that $\gcd(f(t)-a,g(t)-b)=t-c$, for some $a,b,c \in \mathbb{C}$?
Assume that $f(t),g(t) \in \mathbb{C}[t]$ satisfy the following two conditions:
(1) $\deg(f) \geq 2$ and $\deg(g) \geq 2$.
(2) $\mathbb{C}(f(t),g(t))=\mathbb{C}(t)$.
In this question it was mentioned that in that case, there exist $a,b,c \in \mathbb{C}$ such that $\gcd(f(t)-a,g(t)-b)=t-c$.
Unfortunately, I do not see why this is true.
Perhaps Theorem 2.1 (about resultants) or this question (about subresultants) may somehow help (perhaps no).
Edit: Just to make sure:
Is it true that there exist infinitely many $a \in \mathbb{C}$ and infinitely many $b \in \mathbb{C}$ such that $\gcd(f(t)-a,g(t)-b)=t-c$, for (infinitely many) $c \in \mathbb{C}$?
Choose $c \in \mathbb{C}$ such that $f'(c) \neq 0$ etc. (as in the answer). Clearly, there are infinitely many such $c$'s. Let $a:=f(c)$ and $b:=g(c)$.
Asumme that there exist finitely many $a \in \mathbb{C}$ or finitely many $b \in \mathbb{C}$ such that $\gcd(f(t)-a,g(t)-b)=t-c$, $c \in \mathbb{C}$.
W.l.o.g., there exist finitely many $a \in \mathbb{C}$ such that $\gcd(f(t)-a,g(t)-b)=t-c$, $c \in \mathbb{C}$.
By the pigeon hole principle, there exist $a_0$ (among those finitely many $a$'s), such that for infinitely many $c$'s, we have $a_0=f(c)$.
This is impossible from the following reason: Let $h(t):=f(t)-a_0$. Then $h(c)=f(c)-a_0=0$, so $c$ is a root of $h(t)$, and trivially every polynomial can have only finitely many different roots.
So after all, I think that I have proved that there exist infinitely many $a \in \mathbb{C}$ and infinitely many $b \in \mathbb{C}$ such that $\gcd(f(t)-a,g(t)-b)=t-c$, $c \in \mathbb{C}$.
Any hints are welcome!
We may assume that $f$ and $g$ are monic. There exists some nonzero two-variable polynomials $P,Q$ such that $P(f(t),g(t))=tQ(f(t),g(t))$, and $Q(f,g)(t)=0$ only finitely many times (else the composition $P/Q (f,g)$ is not defined because $Q(f,g)=0$).
Let $c$ be such that $f’(c) \neq 0$, and there exists no $d$ such that $Q(f(d),g(d))=0$ and $f(d)=f(c)$.
Then $f(t)-f(c)$ and $g(t)-g(c)$ have only $c$ as a common root, because any root $d$ satisfies $(f,g)(d)=(f,g)(c)$, thus $d=(P/Q)(f(d),g(d))=(P/Q)(f(c),g(c))=c$. Moreover, $c$ is a simple root of $f-f(c)$. So the gcd of the polynomials is $t-c$.