How do I rename app icons on my iPad home screen?

Solution 1:

iOS doesn't have that functionality. Names of application icons are provided by the application. You can only name folders.

Solution 2:

You can't normally rename applications on your home screen(springboard). However if your device is jailbroken i.e you have cydia you can use Icon Renamer to change names of your applications. If you are not jailbroken wait for iOS 11 jailbreak and then rename your icons using this tweak :)