Change IP address dynamically?
Consider the case, I want to crawl websites frequently, but my IP address got blocked after some day/limit.
So, how can change my IP address dynamically or any other ideas?
Solution 1:
An approach using Scrapy will make use of two components, RandomProxy and RotateUserAgentMiddleware.
Modify DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES as follows. You will have to insert the new components in the settings.py:
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.retry.RetryMiddleware': 90,
'tutorial.randomproxy.RandomProxy': 100,
'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware': 110,
'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware' : None,
'tutorial.spiders.rotate_useragent.RotateUserAgentMiddleware' :400,
}
Random Proxy
You can use scrapy-proxies. This component will process Scrapy requests using a random proxy from a list to avoid IP ban and improve crawling speed.
You can build up your proxy list from a quick internet search. Copy links in the list.txt file according to requested url format.
Rotation of user agent
For each scrapy request a random user agent will be used from a list you define in advance:
class RotateUserAgentMiddleware(UserAgentMiddleware):
def __init__(self, user_agent=''):
self.user_agent = user_agent
def process_request(self, request, spider):
ua = random.choice(self.user_agent_list)
if ua:
request.headers.setdefault('User-Agent', ua)
# Add desired logging message here.
spider.log(
u'User-Agent: {} {}'.format(request.headers.get('User-Agent'), request),
level=log.DEBUG
)
# the default user_agent_list composes chrome,I E,firefox,Mozilla,opera,netscape
# for more user agent strings,you can find it in http://www.useragentstring.com/pages/useragentstring.php
user_agent_list = [
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1207.1 Safari/537.1",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; CrOS i686 2268.111.0) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.57 Safari/536.11",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1092.0 Safari/536.6",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1090.0 Safari/536.6",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.77.34.5 Safari/537.1",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.9 Safari/536.5",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.0) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.36 Safari/536.5",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_8_0) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.0 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24"
]
More details here.
Solution 2:
You can try using proxy servers to prevent being blocked. There are services providing working proxies. The best I tried is https://gimmeproxy.com - they frequently check proxies for various parameters.
In order to get proxy from them, you need just to make the following request:
https://gimmeproxy.com/api/getProxy
They will provide JSON response with all proxy data which you can use later as needed:
{
"supportsHttps": true,
"protocol": "socks5",
"ip": "179.162.22.82",
"port": "36915",
"get": true,
"post": true,
"cookies": true,
"referer": true,
"user-agent": true,
"anonymityLevel": 1,
"websites": {
"example": true,
"google": false,
"amazon": true
},
"country": "BR",
"tsChecked": 1517952910,
"curl": "socks5://179.162.22.82:36915",
"ipPort": "179.162.22.82:36915",
"type": "socks5",
"speed": 37.78,
"otherProtocols": {}
}
You can use it like this with Curl:
curl -x socks5://179.162.22.82:36915 http://example.com
Solution 3:
If you are using R, you could do the web crawling through TOR. I think TOR resets its IP-adress every 10 minutes(?) automatically. I think there is a way forcing TOR to change the IP in shorter intervals, but that didn't work for me. Instead you could set up multiple instances of TOR and then switch between the independent instances (here you can find a good explaination of how to set up multiple instances of TOR: https://tor.stackexchange.com/questions/2006/how-to-run-multiple-tor-browsers-with-different-ips)
After that you could do something like the following in R (use the ports of your independent TOR browsers and a list of useragents. Every time you call the 'getURL'-function cycle through your list of ports/useragents)
library(RCurl)
port <- c(a list of your ports)
proxy <- paste("socks5h://127.0.0.1:",port,sep="")
ua <- c(a list of your useragents)
opt <- list(proxy=sample(proxy,1),
useragent=sample(ua,1),
followlocation=TRUE,
referer="",
timeout=timeout,
verbose=verbose,
ssl.verifypeer=ssl)
webpage <- getURL(url=url,.opts=opt)
Solution 4:
Some VPN applications allow you to automatically change your IP address to a new random IP address at a set interval such as: every 2 minutes. Both HMA! Pro VPN and VPN4ALL software support this feature.