What is it called when you do something once and benefit from it for a long time or forever

Solution 1:

In specific regards to performance art, residuals are payments made in perpetuity for subsequent broadcasts or showings of your work.

A residual is a payment made to the creator of performance art for subsequent showings or screenings of the work. A typical use is in the payment of residuals for television reruns. The word is often used in the plural form. - Wikipedia

Solution 2:

You're reaping the rewards.

reap: to gain or get (something) as a reward for or result of some action or enterprise Collins English Dictionary

Alternately, you could say that you're cashing in (on some action or enterprise).

cash in: to obtain a profit or other advantage by timely exploitation AHD

cash in on: to take advantage of or capitalize on WordNet by Farlex

Solution 3:

You could consider using "(long-term) portfolio" which means:

(business) A collection of assets generally.

[Wiktionary]

A range of investments held by a person or organization:

[Oxford Online Dictionary]

Portfolio is not necessarily limited to "stocks/securities" or "bonds" and it can include various things you have for your investment and future returns.

Solution 4:

I suppose you might be talking about the phrase 'in perpetuity':

  1. a. in (also for, †to) perpetuity: for all time, for ever; for an unlimited or indefinitely long period.

["perpetuity, n.". OED Online. September 2015. Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/141355?redirectedFrom=in+perpetuity (accessed November 14, 2015).]

In the context of your examples:

  • Publishing a book or cutting an album may earn the creator royalties in perpetuity.
  • Some work, done once, may earn profits in perpetuity.
  • If you buy something that will last a lifetime, you will benefit in perpetuity.
  • You may spend more money now, but will save money in perpetuity.