What is the difference between 'man' and 'human'?

Solution 1:

One of our teachers used to say, All men are human but all humans are not men

In general sense Man refers to the masculine gender specifically and Human would refer to both men and women.

And, regarding why HuMAN has man in it, i don't think it is sexist. Because the word Man was initially a gender neutral term, like the present day word, person, but later got changed.

Source : Man was originally gender neutral

Solution 2:

There is no "hu" or "man" in human; as the Online Etymology Dictionary says, it's derived from the Latin adjective humanus, which is thought to come from the same root meaning "earth" that gives us the word humus (decomposed vegetable matter, a component of soil). (Similarly, there is no "his" in "history").

Etymology does't actually determine the current meaning of words, so this doesn't prove that "human" is gender-neutral today. (The Latin word homo, from the same "earth" root, developed in the Romance languages to words specifically denoting males, such as French homme, Spanish hombre).

The way we know "human" is gender-neutral in modern English is by observing people's usage.

To address your first point: people don't generally use the singular noun "Human" in the broad sense of humanity. For example, you can't replace man/Man in a sentence like "It is man's lot to die" with human/Human: *"It is human's lot to die" is ungrammatical. The usual expressions for "humanity" include humanity, mankind, man (singular) and men, humans, people (plural). They're all more or less interchangeable.

Here are some examples from differing translations of Ecclesiastes 12:13:

• "Fear God and keep his commandments, for this is the duty of all mankind." (New International Version)
• "Fear God and obey his commands, for this is everyone's duty." (New Living Translation)
• "Fear God and keep his commandments, for this is the whole duty of man." (English Standard Version)
• "Fear God and keep His commandments, because this applies to every person." (New American Standard Bible)
• "Fear God and keep His commands, because this is for all humanity." (Holman Christian Standard Bible)
• "Fear God and obey his commandments, for this is what it means to be human." (International Standard Version)

The use of man in contexts like this, aside from being less gender-neutral, often sounds old-fashioned or outright archaic.