A word for the basic concept of the literary inadequacies to describe intangible feelings, thoughts or emotions

The term you're referencing is known as, "Qualia".

E.G. trying to explain the sunset to a blind man. -or- Trying to describe Mozart to the deaf.

The ideas and experiences of those are what can be refereed to as Qualia, and the, "Explanatory Gap".

Below I added an opening of the Wiki entry on this. However, there's a channel called VSauce which has a video talking about this at length, and in-depth -- and does so much, much better (and in a more profound way).

The video's called, "Is Your Red The Same as My Red?"

In philosophy, qualia (/ˈkwɑːliə/ or /ˈkweɪliə/; singular form: quale) are individual instances of subjective, conscious experience. The term "qualia" derives from the Latin neuter plural form (qualia) of the Latin adjective quālis (Latin pronunciation: [ˈkwaːlis]) meaning "of what sort" or "of what kind"). Examples of qualia include the pain of a headache, the taste of wine, or the perceived redness of an evening sky.

Daniel Dennett (b. 1942), American philosopher and cognitive scientist, regards qualia as "an unfamiliar term for something that could not be more familiar to each of us: the ways things seem to us".1

Erwin Schrödinger (1887–1961), the famous physicist, had this counter-materialist take:

The sensation of color cannot be accounted for by the physicist's objective picture of light-waves. Could the physiologist account for

it, if he had fuller knowledge than he has of the processes in the retina and the nervous processes set up by them in the optical nerve bundles and in the brain? I do not think so.[2]

Much of the debate over their importance hinges on the definition of the term, and various philosophers emphasize or deny the existence of certain features of qualia. As such, the nature and existence of qualia remain controversial.